A Complex Adaptive System of Systems Approach to Human–Automation Interaction in Smart Grid

Summary Advanced distribution automation (ADA) is a vital basis of the smart grid, which leads to enhancement of reliability level. Moreover, demand response programs are highly proposed to be employed in the smart grid. In this paper, a cross‐sectional benefit of smart grid maturity model is proposed in which the emergency demand response programs (EDRPs) are considered in the ADA planning problem. In fact, the role of EDRPs is considered in the service restoration process that affects the ADA plan. The service restoration process possesses several uncertain parameters including the demanded power of customers during service restoration, which are considered in the proposed formulation for ADA planning. The objective function of the optimization problem includes various costs imposed to the distribution system operator due to contingency occurrence including the expected total customer interruption cost, total investment cost of automatic sectionalizing switches, circuit breakers, and fuses deployment, and the total expected cost of implementing EDRP programs in the service restoration. The presented ADA planning methodology is tested on the fourth bus number of Roy Bilinton test system (RBTS4) to investigate its effectiveness.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stochastic formulation for distribution automation planning incorporating emergency demand response programs

Mohammadi

Soleymani

Mozafari

et al. 2019

“…As a result, the smart grid (SG) concept has evolved as an answer to accelerate the restoration problem in the case of a contingency, as well as many other necessities of the modern power system . Smart grid—as the future vision of the power systems—possesses certain features including: intelligence, high reliability, self‐healing, and adaptation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Smart grid-as the future vision of the power systems-possesses certain features including: intelligence, high reliability, self-healing, and adaptation. 3 Self-healing is one of the most distinguishing features of SG, which may be performed as fault location, isolation, and service restoration (FLISR) after a fault occurrence. Indeed, self-healing would enable the distribution grid to restore as many restorable yet interrupted customers as possible in a fraction of a minute after a fault occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous placement of control and protective devices in the presence of emergency demand response programs in smart grid

Heydari

Mohammadi‐Hosseininejad

Mirsaeedi

et al. 2018

Self Cite

Summary Utilities confront challenges to optimally plan and develop the distribution grids both for reducing their imposed costs and for satisfying the customers' electricity needs. In this paper, optimal allocation of automatic and manual sectionalizing switches as well as protective devices is performed in presence of load flexibilities. Control devices could improve the duration‐based reliability indices, while protective devices could improve both duration‐based and frequency‐based reliability indices. In this paper, optimal incentives and penalties in the emergency demand response programs (EDRP) are determined based upon the customers' behaviors. The resulting optimization problem is then solved in 2 different scenarios: without load flexibility and incorporating EDRP. Finally, a standard reliability test system (RBTS4) is used to delineate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze the probability of customers' contribution in EDRP based upon the predetermined contracts.

“…In the recent years, the service restoration is more quickly conducted in EDSs, thanks to the emersion of distribution automation. In this way, EDSs will respond more quickly to the prospective component failures which improve the reliability level of the EDSs …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, EDSs will respond more quickly to the prospective component failures which improve the reliability level of the EDSs. 3 Nevertheless, a considerable number of interrupted customers might be remained de-energies because of unavailable capacity in the backup feeders. On the other hand, the smart EDSs will contain a high penetration of distributed energy resources, eg, distributed power generators and renewable resources, which can assist the Distribution System Operator (DSO) through restoring the interrupted customers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability improvement in smart grid through incorporating energy storage systems in service restoration

Abniki

Taghvaei²,

Mohammadi‐Hosseininejad

2018

Summary Smart grid has been developing nowadays as an initiative to operate modern electric distribution systems (EDSs) in a more reliable and efficient manner. With the decreasing price of the energy storage systems (ESSs), ESSs are highly recommended to be exploited in the operation of EDSs. In this manuscript, a comprehensive framework is introduced for ESS incorporation in service restoration process which proposes 2 roles for ESSs in the service restoration. As the first role, ESSs are exploited in the service restoration to re‐energize customers in interrupted zones, as their backup units. As the second role, ESSs are used in the service restoration to increase the number of interrupted customers which transferred to the backup feeders through acting as storage units. The proposed objective function of service restoration consists of customer interruption cost, energy not sold cost, cost of electricity production in combined heat and power units, and cost of ESS incorporation in service restoration. Moreover, the stochastic characteristics of ESS contribution in service restoration are considered in the proposed problem formulation. Further, the impacts of the uncertainties of the service restoration on the proposed approach for ESS incorporation are investigated. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is deliberated using a standard reliability test system (RBTS‐4). The obtained results show that the incorporating ESSs as storage units will lead to substantially improve the reliability level of EDS through increasing the adequacy of the EDS during service restoration process.