A Comprehensive Approach Into Stereoscopic Vision

Abstract

Stereopsis (or stereoscopic) vision is the ability to see depth of perception, which is created by the difference in angle of view between both eyes. The first process is known as simultaneous perception. Objects will fall on each corresponding retina and there will be a process of fusion of the two images into one. Then, the brain initiates three-dimensional perception in visual cortex, creating stereoscopic vision. Stereoscopic vision will rapidly develop, especially at the age of 6-8 months of life. Stereoscopic is important in daily activities. There are many stereoacuity tests to evaluate stereoscopic vision. Stereoscopic examinations are based on the principle of haploscope, anaglyph, or polaroid vectograph. There are qualitative and quantitative examination methods to assess stereoscopic vision. Qualitative examinations such as Horizontal Lang Two Pencil test and Synoptophore. Quantitative examination including Contour stereopsis test and Clinical random dot stereopsis test. The inability of the eye to see stereoscopic can be called stereoblindness. This can be affected by amblyopia, decreased visual acuity, or the presence of ocular misalignment. Inability to achieve stereoscopic vision will impact an individual to perform some daily life activities, and lead to an increase in difficulty interacting in the world.

Stereoscopy, Brown Syndrome, and Duane Syndrome: A Literature Review

“…By observing subtle differences in the two images generated based on the distance between our eyes, the brain creates a 3D perception in the visual cortex. 4,11 Figure 1. The distance between the two eyes causes retinal disparity.…”

“…The distance between the two eyes causes retinal disparity. 4 All stereoscopic examinations are based on one of three principles. Technically, a haploscope is an optical device used to deliver different images simultaneously to each eye.…”

“…Lastly, the principle of the Vectograph centers on the fact that light waves can be polarized. 4,12 There are two kinds of stereoscopic tests, namely where the patient needs to wear anaglyph glasses. 4,12 The total absence of stereoscopic vision is called stereo-blindness, and partial dysfunction has several names: stereo-impairment, stereo anomaly, or stereo deficiency.…”

“…4,12 There are two kinds of stereoscopic tests, namely where the patient needs to wear anaglyph glasses. 4,12 The total absence of stereoscopic vision is called stereo-blindness, and partial dysfunction has several names: stereo-impairment, stereo anomaly, or stereo deficiency. Stereo-blindness is the inability to see 3D shapes using stereoscopic vision, which makes them unable to perceive stereoscopic depth by combining and comparing an object from both eyes.…”

“…Both children and adults with stereoscopic dysfunction will perform poorly on some visuomotor activities compared to their counterparts with normal stereo acuity. 4,5 Brown Syndrome is a rare form of strabismus in which ocular motility is impaired, characterized by restriction of adducting eye elevation. It is the most common cause of isolated paralysis of the inferior oblique muscle, one of the extraocular muscles responsible for ocular motility.…”