A Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Two Novel Underwater Routing Protocols

Draz, Umar; Ali, Tariq; Asghar, Khurshid; Yasin, Sana; Sharif, Zubair; Abbas, Qasim; Aman, S.S.

doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2019.0100458

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…The next forwarder node further computes the angle again and repeat the aforementioned process in order to avoid the empty nodes. Energy is an essential part of underwater communication, especially in the IoT enabled environment [ 56 ]. Due to acoustic communication, the nodes are deprecated their energy value continuously.…”

Section: The Tri-angular Nearest Vector-based Energy Efficient Routing (Tanveer)mentioning

confidence: 99%

TANVEER: Tri-Angular Nearest Vector-Based Energy Efficient Routing for IoT-Enabled Acoustic Sensor and Actor Networks (I-ASANs)

Draz

Yasin

Irfan

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology in underwater communication because of its potential to monitor underwater activities. IoT devices enable a variety of applications such as submarine and navy defense systems, pre-disaster prevention, and gas/oil exploration in deep and shallow water. The IoT devices have limited power due to their size. Many routing protocols have been proposed in applications, as mentioned above, in different aspects, but timely action and energy make these a challenging task for marine research. Therefore, this research presents a routing technique with three sub-sections, Tri-Angular Nearest Vector-Based Energy Efficient Routing (TANVEER): Layer-Based Adjustment (LBA-TANVEER), Data Packet Delivery (DPD-TANVEER), and Binary Inter Nodes (BIN-TANVEER). In TANVEER, the path is selected between the source node and sonobuoys by computing the angle three times with horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions by using the nearest vector-based approach to avoid the empty nodes/region. In order to deploy the nodes, the LBA-TANVEER is used. Furthermore, for successful data delivery, the DPD-TANVEER is responsible for bypassing any empty nodes/region occurrence. BIN-TANVEER works with new watchman nodes that play an essential role in the path/data shifting mechanism. Moreover, achievable empty regions are also calculated by linear programming to minimize energy consumption and throughput maximization. Different evaluation parameters perform extensive simulation, and the coverage area of the proposed scheme is also presented. The simulated results show that the proposed technique outperforms the compared baseline scheme layer-by-layer angle-based flooding (L2-ABF) in terms of energy, throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and a fraction of empty regions.

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Section: The Tri-angular Nearest Vector-based Energy Efficient Routing (Tanveer)mentioning

confidence: 99%

TANVEER: Tri-Angular Nearest Vector-Based Energy Efficient Routing for IoT-Enabled Acoustic Sensor and Actor Networks (I-ASANs)

Draz

Yasin

Irfan

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

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ROBINA: Rotational Orbit-Based Inter-Node Adjustment for Acoustic Routing Path in the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs)

Draz¹,

Yasin

Ali³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs) enables various underwater objects be connected to accommodate a wide range of applications, such as oil and mineral exportations, disaster detection, and tracing tracking systems. As about 71% of our earth is covered by water and one-fourth of the population lives around this, the IoUT expects to play a vital role. It is imperative to pursue reliable communication in this vast domain, as human beings’ future depends on water activities and resources. Therefore, there is a urgent need for underwater communication to be reliable, end-to-end secure, and collision/void node-free, especially when the routing path is established between sender and sonobuoys. The foremost issue discussed in this area is its routing path, which has high security and bandwidth without simultaneous multiple reflections. Short communication range is also a problem (because of an absence of inter-node adjustment); the acoustic signals have short ranges and maximum-scaling factors that cause a delay in communication. Therefore, we proposed Rotational Orbit-Based Inter Node Adjustment (ROBINA) with variant Path-Adjustment (PA-ROBINA) and Path Loss (PL-ROBINA) for IoUTs to achive reliable communication between the sender and sonobuoys. Additionally, the mathematical-based path loss model was discussed to cover the PL-ROBINA strategy. Extensive simulations were conducted with various realistic parameters and the results were compared with state-of-the-art routing protocols. Extensive simulations proved that the proposed routing scheme outperformed different realistic parameters; for example, packet transmission 45% increased with an average end-to-end delay of only 0.3% respectively. Furthermore, the transmission loss and path loss (measured in dB) were 25 and 46 dB, respectively, compared with other algorithms, for example, EBER2 54%, WDFAD-BDR 54%, AEDG 49%, ASEGD 55%, AVH-AHH-VBF 54.5%, and TANVEER 39%, respectively. In addition, the individual parameters with ROBINA and TANVEER were also compared, in which ROBINA achieved a 98% packet transmission ratio compared with TANVEER, which was only 82%.

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A Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Two Novel Underwater Routing Protocols

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

TANVEER: Tri-Angular Nearest Vector-Based Energy Efficient Routing for IoT-Enabled Acoustic Sensor and Actor Networks (I-ASANs)

TANVEER: Tri-Angular Nearest Vector-Based Energy Efficient Routing for IoT-Enabled Acoustic Sensor and Actor Networks (I-ASANs)

ROBINA: Rotational Orbit-Based Inter-Node Adjustment for Acoustic Routing Path in the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs)

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