“…Polygonatum production can be increased through cultivar improvement and efficient cultivation, which will alleviate poverty in underdeveloped mountainous regions ( Si & Zhu, 2020 ). Germplasm resources are the basis for producing high-yielding and high-quality cultivars, as germplasm may include critical alleles for key traits ( Akpertey et al, 2022 , Han et al, 2022 ). Variations in germplasm resources can cause differences in Huangjing's biological, genetic, reproductive, sporulation, and pharmacologic characteristics, as well as chemical composition ( Jiao, 2018 ).…”