A Comprehensive Evaluation of Possible RNSS Signals in the S-Band for the KPS

Abstract

Recently, the Korean government has announced a plan to develop a satellite-based navigation system called the Korean Positioning System (KPS). When designing a new Radio Navigation Satellite Service (RNSS) signal, the use of the S-band has emerged as an alternative to avoiding signal congestion in the L-bands, and South Korea is considering using the S-band with the L-bands. Therefore, this study proposed possible S-band signal candidates and evaluated their performance, such as the radio frequency (RF) compatibility, spectral efficiency, ranging performance, and receiver complexity. Several figures-of-merit (FoMs) were introduced for quantitative performance evaluation for each candidate. Each FoM was calculated using an analytical equation by considering the signal design parameters, such as the center frequency, modulation scheme, and chip rate. The results showed that the outstanding candidate signal was different depending on the signal performance of interest and the reception environments. Therefore, we discuss and summarize the signal performance analysis results considering the whole FoMs together. Under the assumptions given in this paper, the binary phase shift keying (BPSK)(1), sine-phased binary offset carrier (BOCs)(5,2), and BPSK signals were superior for the spectral efficiency, ranging performance, and receiver complexity, respectively.

HDOP and VDOP Analysis in an Ideal Placement Environment for Dual GNSSs

“…If uniformity is maintained in Equation ( 5), most of the elements of the nondiagonal matrix would become 0. In a dual GNSS, the matrix elements (1,4), (1,5), (2,4), and (2,5) are not 0. Therefore, it is difficult to perform a simple inverse matrix calculation, as in the case of a single GNSS.…”

“…Examples of RNSSs include India's navigation with Indian constellation (NavIC) and Japan's Quasi-Zenith satellite system (QZSS). Furthermore, South Korea is also promoting projects related to an RNSS, known as the Korea positioning system (KPS) [1]. In this manner, the number of navigation satellites has been increasing rapidly owing to the increase in navigation satellite systems [2].…”

“…Here, n z : Number of zenith satellites In Equation ( 5), if the condition of the uniform satellites is maintained and the number of satellites is 3 or more, the matrix elements (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,3), and (2,4) are 0. To calculate the Q matrix, the inverse matrix of Equation ( 5) is used.…”