A comprehensive meteorological modeling system?RAMS

Pielke, Roger A.; Cotton, William R.; Walko, R. L.; Tremback, Craig J.; Lyons, Walter A.; Grasso, Lewis D.; Nicholls, Melville E.; Moran, Michael D.; Wesley, Douglas A.; Lee, T. J.; Copeland, Jeffrey H.

doi:10.1007/bf01025401

Cited by 1,552 publications

(850 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The RAMS consists of non-hydrostatic, compressible dynamic equations, a thermodynamic equation and a set of equations representing the cloud microphysics. It estimates the three-dimensional spatial and temporal distribution of wind fields, temperature, mixing ratios and pressure in a terrain-following coordinate system using a two-way nested grid scheme [29][30][31]. RAMS input included European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data, sea temperature, radiation, land-use and topographic data of the study area.…”

Section: (B) Atmospheric Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind

et al. 2014

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When animals move, their tracks may be strongly influenced by the motion of air or water, and this may affect the speed, energetics and prospects of the journey. Flying organisms, such as bats, may thus benefit from modifying their flight in response to the wind vector. Yet, practical difficulties have so far limited the understanding of this response for free-ranging bats. We tracked nine straw-coloured fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) that flew 42.5 + 17.5 km (mean + s.d.) to and from their roost near Accra, Ghana. Following detailed atmospheric simulations, we found that bats compensated for wind drift, as predicted under constant winds, and decreased their airspeed in response to tailwind assistance such that their groundspeed remained nearly constant. In addition, bats increased their airspeed with increasing crosswind speed. Overall, bats modulated their airspeed in relation to wind speed at different wind directions in a manner predicted by a two-dimensional optimal movement model. We conclude that sophisticated behavioural mechanisms to minimize the cost of transport under various wind conditions have evolved in bats. The bats' response to the wind is similar to that reported for migratory birds and insects, suggesting convergent evolution of flight behaviours in volant organisms.

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Section: (B) Atmospheric Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind

et al. 2014

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“…In order to assure reasonable computational time (for operational mode-the simulation period is a few weeks to months) and inclusion of a detailed description of the microphysics of the troposphere (in research mode-the simulation period is a few days to up one or two weeks) the integrated modelling system is structured to use two alternative meteorological-dispersion systems, namely the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) (for research mode) and the SKIRON/Eta meteorological system (for operational mode). RAMS was developed originally at the Colorado State University (Pielke et al, 1992) to study mesoscale and regional scale meteorological patterns and pollutant dynamics. RAMS is the core of the MAMCS modelling framework providing a detailed parameterisation of the microphysics of the troposphere and allowing special treatment of the key mechanisms that are known to occur in the MBL.…”

Section: Atmospheric Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic processes of mercury over the Mediterranean region: results from the Mediterranean Atmospheric Mercury Cycle System (MAMCS) project

Pirrone

Ferrara²,

Hedgecock

et al. 2003

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Figure 3 shows surface wind vectors and potential temperatures around the Nobi Plain in the daytime on 2 August 1997, one of the summer sunny days, reproduced by a numerical simulation using RAMS (the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System; Pielke et al 1992). A modified RAMS (Yoshikane et al 2001;Sato and Kimura 2003) was used in this simulation.…”

Section: Analysis Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Variation of Cloud Distribution near Surface Wind Convergence Zone in the Nobi Plain during Daytime on Summer Sunny Days

Tsunematsu

Kai

2004

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The present study investigates the relationship between surface wind convergence and clouds by performing statistical analyses of time variations in surface wind field, its horizontal divergence, cloud distribution, and appearance frequency of radar echoes in the Nobi Plain in the daytime on summer sunny days using various observation data from 1990 to 1999. The 99 summer sunny days when general wind was weak were selected objectively in advance of the analyses. The results of analyses show that a westerly wind from the Biwa Lake direction and a sea breeze from Ise Bay converge in the north of Nagoya after 1300 JST on summer sunny days. In addition, clouds (cumulus) tend to be formed all over the Nobi Plain from late in the morning to about noon by thermal convections, and the formation of clouds continues near strong surface wind convergence zones until around 1500 JST on summer sunny days, although clouds are hardly formed in the afternoon in almost all parts of the plain due to the decline of the thermal convections. The continuation of the cloud formation is especially remarkable at the northeast of Nagoya. Thus, in the Nobi Plain on summer sunny days, the conditions where clouds are easily formed continue at the northeast of Nagoya until around 1500 JST, because of a strong surface wind convergence between a westerly wind from the Biwa Lake direction and a sea breeze from Ise Bay. The analysis of radar echoes observed around 1500 JST shows that the echoes occasionally appear near the northeast of Nagoya on summer sunny days. These results indicate that the strong surface wind convergence plays an important role in the formation of clouds, after thermal convection has weakened, on summer sunny days.

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A comprehensive meteorological modeling system?RAMS

Cited by 1,552 publications

References 68 publications

Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind

Commuting fruit bats beneficially modulate their flight in relation to wind

Dynamic processes of mercury over the Mediterranean region: results from the Mediterranean Atmospheric Mercury Cycle System (MAMCS) project

Time Variation of Cloud Distribution near Surface Wind Convergence Zone in the Nobi Plain during Daytime on Summer Sunny Days

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