A Comprehensive Nontarget Analysis for the Molecular Reconstruction of Organic Aerosol Composition from Glacier Ice Cores

Abstract

Ice cores are climate archives suitable for the reconstruction of past atmospheric composition changes. Ice core analysis provides valuable insight into the chemical nature of aerosols and enables constraining emission inventories of primary emissions and of gas-phase precursors. Changes in the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can affect formation rates and mechanisms as well as chemical composition of aerosols during the pre-industrial era, a

Polar ice core organic matter signatures reveal past atmospheric carbon composition and spatial trends across ancient and modern timescales

“…Steps toward understanding future impacts of ice-sheet OM Ice core OM biogeochemistry is gaining more attention, using C characterization techniques commonly applied for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems globally (Grannas and others, 2006;D'Andrilli and others, 2017b;Brogi and others, 2018;Xu and others, 2018;Vogel and others, 2019) and newly engineered systems designed for astrobiological research (Malaska and others, 2020). Engineering these techniques for flow through capabilities and/or in situ detection will advance ice core CFA measurements of C quality and quantity at high temporal resolution.…”

Nontarget Screening Exhibits a Seasonal Cycle of PM2.5 Organic Aerosol Composition in Beijing

“…On the basis of MS 2 −spectra and retention time, we are able to unambiguously identify CHOn compounds as oxidation products of certain biogenic VOCs. 26 Moreover, low temperatures during winter may lead to lower evaporation of anthropogenic CHOn compounds. A clear decrease of CHOn with short retention times was observed for the winter season, similar to the trend for CHOS compounds (e.g., isopreneorganosulfates (OSs)), which contribute up to 30% of the total intensity in summer.…”

“…We also found the homologues of C n H 2n SO 5 (n = 4−17) and C n H 2n SO 6 (n = 4− 16) appearing in the diagram at H/C = 2; such aliphatic OSs were reported as products from the reaction of SO 2 with emissions from liquid fossil fuel. 12,26,60 However, there are also plenty of very polar OSs with extremely short retention times (Figure S5A); most of these have less than 10 carbon atoms (Figure S10B). In this range, one can expect OSs from biogenic emissions; for example, we find C 5 H 8 SO 7 that has been reported as an isoprene-derived organosulfate, 71,72 while C 6 H 10 SO 6 and C 6 H 10 SO 7 have been reported as OSs formed from the OH-initiated oxidation from green leaf volatiles.…”

“…25 In a recent NTA study of atmospheric PM preserved in an ice core, we demonstrated that applying different analysis software results in almost identical molecular fingerprints using HPLC-(−)ESI-HRMS. 26 Haze episodes in Beijing attract worldwide attention and many studies using an HRMS approach have been conducted in Beijing. 19,27−32 For example, previous studies have revealed OA in winter Beijing is dominated by aromatics, which suggests a high contribution of combustion aerosols to the total OA.…”

Identification and source attribution of organic compounds in ultrafine particles near Frankfurt International Airport

“…Various studies examined the exhaust of aircraft and found dependencies between particle emissions, their chemical composition, engine design, and the engine operating state. It is stated that the volatile organic fraction of the emitted particles is increasing through photochemical ageing (Kılıç et al, 2018), and the oxidized organic fraction tends to condense on nucleation-mode particles (Wey et al, 2007;Yu et al, 2017). The non-volatile fraction is dominated by black carbon.…”