A Comprehensive Review Based on Chitin and Chitosan Composites

Tarique, J.; Sapuan, S. M.; Aqil, N. F.; Farhan, Ahlam M.; Faiz, J. I.; Shahrizan, S.

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-5327-9_1

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 277 publications

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“…These absorption peaks correspond to π-π* transitions of electrons within the ring system and n-π* transitions of electrons in the oxygen or nitrogen atoms attached to the ring system, respectively, following the removal of the acetyl group. These findings align with prior research in the field ( Fatullayeva et al, 2022 ; Tarique et al, 2023 ). The difference in the UV-Vis absorption patterns between chitin and chitosan, particularly in the observed wavelengths, highlights the alteration in the molecular structure due to the deacetylation process and changing of the chemical structure from chitin to chitosan.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Chitosan extraction from Amanita phalloides: yield, crystallinity, degree of deacetylation, azo dye removal and antibacterial properties

Hemmami,

Ben Amor,

Zeghoud

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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Chitosan, a biopolymer obtained from chitin, is known for its remarkable adsorption abilities for dyes, drugs, and fats, and its diverse array of antibacterial characteristics. This study explores the extraction and characterization of chitosan from the mycelium of Amanita phalloides. The moisture content, ash content, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity, and degree of deacetylation of the extracted chitosan were determined. The chitosan exhibited a high yield of 70%, crystallinity of 49.07%, a degree of deacetylation of 86%, and potent antimicrobial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The study also examined the adsorption capabilities of chitosan to remove methylene blue (MB) dye by analysing specific factors like pH, reaction time, and MB concentration using the response surface model. The highest degree of MB dye removal was 91.6% at a pH of 6, a reaction time of around 60 min and an initial dye concentration of 16 ppm. This experimental design can be applied for chitosan adsorption of other organic compounds such as dyes, proteins, drugs, and fats.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Chitosan extraction from Amanita phalloides: yield, crystallinity, degree of deacetylation, azo dye removal and antibacterial properties

Hemmami,

Ben Amor,

Zeghoud

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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“…The conventional way of making chitin and chitosan include demineralisation, deproteinisation (+deacetylation for chitosan), or electrochemical methods [31]. Both chitin and chitosan undergo modifications (e.g., deacetylation, quaternization, oxidation) to enhance their physical properties [32]. Although chitin has poor solubility, its derivative chitosan is a soluble biopolymer in aqueous acidic conditions [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Expected Trends for the Marine Chitin/Chitosan and Collagen Value Chains

Vieira,

Lestre,

Solstad

et al. 2023

Marine Drugs

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Chitin/chitosan and collagen are two of the most important bioactive compounds, with applications in the pharmaceutical, veterinary, nutraceutical, cosmetic, biomaterials, and other industries. When extracted from non-edible parts of fish and shellfish, by-catches, and invasive species, their use contributes to a more sustainable and circular economy. The present article reviews the scientific knowledge and publication trends along the marine chitin/chitosan and collagen value chains and assesses how researchers, industry players, and end-users can bridge the gap between scientific understanding and industrial applications. Overall, research on chitin/chitosan remains focused on the compound itself rather than its market applications. Still, chitin/chitosan use is expected to increase in food and biomedical applications, while that of collagen is expected to increase in biomedical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutritional applications. Sustainable practices, such as the reuse of waste materials, contribute to strengthen both value chains; the identified weaknesses include the lack of studies considering market trends, social sustainability, and profitability, as well as insufficient examination of intellectual property rights. Government regulations, market demand, consumer preferences, technological advancements, environmental challenges, and legal frameworks play significant roles in shaping both value chains. Addressing these factors is crucial for seizing opportunities, fostering sustainability, complying with regulations, and maintaining competitiveness in these constantly evolving value chains.

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“…As the immune-enhancing activity was recently reported, it began to be applied to food as a health functional food material [ 2 ]. In fields other than food, it is used for various purposes, such as feed for livestock and fisheries, insecticides, disinfectants, sewage treatment agents, cosmetic materials, various films or wraps, medical artificial skin, and surgical sutures [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecules 2023, 28, 3254 2 of 11 treatment agents, cosmetic materials, various films or wraps, medical artificial skin, and surgical sutures [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preparation and Physiochemical Characterization of Tenebrio molitor Chitin Using Alcalase

Kim

Hong

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Chitin is mostly produced from crustaceans, but it is difficult to supply raw materials due to marine pollution, and the commonly used chemical chitin extraction method is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study aims to establish a chitin extraction process using enzymes and to develop edible insect-derived chitin as an eco-friendly new material. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis by RSM were determined to be the substrate concentration (7.5%), enzyme concentration (80 μL/g), and reaction time (24 h). The solubility and DDA of the mealworm chitosan were 45% and 37%, respectively, and those of the commercial chitosan were 61% and 57%, respectively. In regard to the thermodynamic properties, the exothermic peak of mealworm chitin was similar to that of commercial chitin. In the FT-IR spectrum, a band was observed in mealworm chitin corresponding to the C=O of the NHCOCH3 group at 1645 cm−1, but this band showed low-intensity C=O in the mealworm chitosan due to deacetylation. Collectively, mealworm chitosan shows almost similar physical and chemical properties to commercial chitosan. Therefore, it is shown that an eco-friendly process can be introduced into chitosan production by using enzyme-extracted mealworms for chitin/chitosan production.

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A Comprehensive Review Based on Chitin and Chitosan Composites

Cited by 10 publications

References 277 publications

Chitosan extraction from Amanita phalloides: yield, crystallinity, degree of deacetylation, azo dye removal and antibacterial properties

Chitosan extraction from Amanita phalloides: yield, crystallinity, degree of deacetylation, azo dye removal and antibacterial properties

Current and Expected Trends for the Marine Chitin/Chitosan and Collagen Value Chains

The Preparation and Physiochemical Characterization of Tenebrio molitor Chitin Using Alcalase

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