A comprehensive review on degummed biodiesel

Abstract

Biodiesel is derived from renewable sources like vegetable oils, animal fats and recycled cooking oil. During biodiesel synthesis, gums in the feed oil inhibit the transesterification reaction rate and increase the processing cost. Gums can be removed from feed oil by a degumming process. The present review aimed to compile current, comprehensive information of degummed biodiesel production from different vegetable oils with diverse degumming techniques and also describe its fuel related properties, chemical composition and significant by-products. It is clear from this review that biodiesel manufactured from degummed feedstocks can be a promising alternative fuel for the diesel engine and could be a major step towards the creation of an environmentally friendly transportation fuel that is relatively clean on combustion. This paper is highly encourage to degumming of feed oil prior to transesterification process.

Integration of biology, ecology and engineering for sustainable algal-based biofuel and bioproduct biorefinery

“…The most cost-effective method is simple water degumming, which can reduce the P from 1148 to 19 ppm and Ca from 92 to 11 ppm. Post extraction oil can be treated through a dilute citric acid to remove gums, phospholipids, and proteins that become insoluble in oil when hydrated (Kanakraj and Dixit 2016). This process typically utilizes water at 60 °C and 1 wt% of oil, separating hydrated phosphatides and other contaminants either by decantation or continuously by centrifugation.…”

Efficient immobilized phospholipase A1 on Mo‐basing nanomaterials for enzymatic degumming

“…Degumming is an important preliminary step for refining crude oils 1 . This process is not only necessary in edible oils, but also more and more important in biofuel preparations 2 . Generally, crude vegetable oils contain many impurities, particularly in phospholipids (PLs).…”

The efficient and green synthesis of biodiesel from crude oil without degumming catalyzed by sodium carbonate supported MoS2

“…Vegetable oils, animal fats, and wasting cooking oil (WCO) as renewable resources are materials for biodiesel production. 1,2 Traditionally, biodiesel is a kind of fatty acid methyl/ethyl ester (FAME or FAEE) prepared by the transesterication of oil and methanol/ethanol catalyzed by homogeneous strong bases (NaOH, KOH, or methoxides), 3,4 acids (H 2 SO 4 ) 5 and biocatalysts (lipases). 6 Generally, these oils do not suffer the rening process for their low-cost production and, thus, contain some impurities.…”