A Comprehensive Review on Design and Development of Human Breast Phantoms for Ultra-Wide Band Breast Cancer Imaging Systems

Abstract

Abstract. Microwave ultra-wide band UWB imaging system is a contemporary biomedical imaging technology for early detection of breast cancers. This imaging system requires the development of breast phantoms for experimental data analysis. In order to obtain realistic results, it is very important that these phantoms mimic the characteristics of real biological breast tissue as close as possible. For this purpose, scientists and engineers make use of the dielectric properties of human breast. This paper takes a survey of mathematical formulations used to determine biological dielectric properties and then takes a review of current breast phantoms being used in UWB imaging systems with reference to the analytical dielectric measurements.At present, breast phantoms are made, both, manually in laboratory utilizing different chemicals and also by using computational electromagnetic algorithms to introduce better heterogeneity in them. They can then easily be tested by doing computer simulations. In this review paper, emphasis is made on the phantoms which are made in laboratory for doing hardware experimentations.

A Simulation-Based Methodology of Developing 3D Printed Anthropomorphic Phantoms for Microwave Imaging Systems

“…In the microwave imaging domain, anthropomorphic head phantoms were developed by printing 3D molds intended to be filled with gel-based parts of the head [ 27 , 28 ] or mixtures based on graphite carbon black polyurethane [ 29 , 30 ]. A review of the development of anthropomorphic breast phantoms is given in [ 31 ].…”

Effect of combat textile cloth on human radar cross section for microwave camouflage applications

“…It is assumed that the fabric has only a single layer, and the human body is modeled as a dielectric structure (σ > 0). 15 The impedance matching is defined in Equation (10), where Z o = 377 is the intrinsic impedance of free space, c is the speed of light, and d is the fabric width 16 :…”

“…It is assumed that the fabric has only a single layer, and the human body is modeled as a dielectric structure ( σ > 0 ). 15…”

Measurement Engineering to Design a Truncated Ground Plane Compact Circular Ring Monopole Patch Antenna for Ultra Wideband Applications

“…Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a radio technology that has the advantages of using very low power spectral density (PSD) with fractional bandwidth ≥ 0.2-0.25 or a bandwidth of at least 500 MHz. This range is usable for high bandwidth applications in engineering, medical sciences and other areas of science [1][2][3][4][5]. Designing a UWB communication system, entails state-of-the-art design of transmitters, receivers and radiating elements, i.e.…”