“…Moreover, amination and carboxyl groups modification of adsorbent also greatly increased Cu 2+ adsorption by powerful surface complexation with NH 2 -functional groups, which were greatly selective and slightly affected via competing cation 32 . KOH-treated biochar significantly increased its adsorption capacity to As (V) due to the enhancement of pore volume and surface area and the alternation of surface functional groups 23 . Figure 4 Improved performance of multiple-modified biochars.…”
Section: Various Modification Techniques For the Preparation Of Funct...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The C content of Al-treated biochar greatly decreased than pristine biochar 3 Dairy manure 300 NaOH-modification Cd, Pb The highest removal capacities were 68.08 and 175.53 mg g −1 for Cd and Pb respectively. The sorption capacities of dairy manure biochar for Cd and Pb improved after modification NaOH modification increased the SSA, amount of O-enrich functional group, and ion-exchange capacity of biochar 8 Coconut shell 800 HCl + ultra-sonication Zn, Ni, and Cd Modified biochar showed the highest sorption capacities for heavy metals Modified-biochar improved surface functional groups 15 Corn straw 500 KOH Atrazine, Hg(II) The sorption capacity of treated biochar for Hg (II) enhanced by 76.95%, while that for atrazine enhanced by 38.66% After modification enhanced SA which was 59.23 m 2 g −1 23 Auricularia auricular dreg 400 Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide Cr (IV) The removal rate increased by 40 times more as compared to un-treated biochar The number of micropores and mesoporous in the unit area enhanced, After treatment, the SA enhanced by 6.1% and the average pore diameter increased by 16.5% 24 Seaweed 200 KOH V(V) 12 mg g −1 sorption capacity noticed Complexation, electrostatic interaction and pore diffusion 25 Rice straw 400 β-cyclodextrin and HCl Pb 2+ 130 mg g −1 sorption capacity found was higher than unmodified biochar Complexation, ion exchange, and physisorption ...…”
Section: Various Modification Techniques For the Preparation Of Funct...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Acid treatment modifies the physicochemical attributes of biochar to increase the adsorption capacities for the elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants from soil and wastewater. The pickling mechanism decreased the sludge-based adsorbent’s micro-pore volume and enhanced the mesoporous volume, thereby improving the sorption capacity of biochar for antibiotics and heavy metals 23 . Compared to fresh biochar, H 3 PO 4 -treated eucalyptus-derived biochar exhibited higher removal efficiency of chromium hexavalent 24 .…”
Section: Various Modification Techniques For the Preparation Of Funct...mentioning
The pollution of soil and aquatic systems by inorganic and organic chemicals has become a global concern. Economical, eco-friendly, and sustainable solutions are direly required to alleviate the deleterious effects of these chemicals to ensure human well-being and environmental sustainability. In recent decades, biochar has emerged as an efficient material encompassing huge potential to decontaminate a wide range of pollutants from soil and aquatic systems. However, the application of raw biochars for pollutant remediation is confronting a major challenge of not getting the desired decontamination results due to its specific properties. Thus, multiple functionalizing/modification techniques have been introduced to alter the physicochemical and molecular attributes of biochars to increase their efficacy in environmental remediation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in developing multiple functionalized/modified biochars via biological and other physiochemical techniques. Related mechanisms and further applications of multiple modified biochar in soil and water systems remediation have been discussed and summarized. Furthermore, existing research gaps and challenges are discussed, as well as further study needs are suggested. This work epitomizes the scientific prospects for a complete understanding of employing modified biochar as an efficient candidate for the decontamination of polluted soil and water systems for regenerative development.
“…Moreover, amination and carboxyl groups modification of adsorbent also greatly increased Cu 2+ adsorption by powerful surface complexation with NH 2 -functional groups, which were greatly selective and slightly affected via competing cation 32 . KOH-treated biochar significantly increased its adsorption capacity to As (V) due to the enhancement of pore volume and surface area and the alternation of surface functional groups 23 . Figure 4 Improved performance of multiple-modified biochars.…”
Section: Various Modification Techniques For the Preparation Of Funct...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The C content of Al-treated biochar greatly decreased than pristine biochar 3 Dairy manure 300 NaOH-modification Cd, Pb The highest removal capacities were 68.08 and 175.53 mg g −1 for Cd and Pb respectively. The sorption capacities of dairy manure biochar for Cd and Pb improved after modification NaOH modification increased the SSA, amount of O-enrich functional group, and ion-exchange capacity of biochar 8 Coconut shell 800 HCl + ultra-sonication Zn, Ni, and Cd Modified biochar showed the highest sorption capacities for heavy metals Modified-biochar improved surface functional groups 15 Corn straw 500 KOH Atrazine, Hg(II) The sorption capacity of treated biochar for Hg (II) enhanced by 76.95%, while that for atrazine enhanced by 38.66% After modification enhanced SA which was 59.23 m 2 g −1 23 Auricularia auricular dreg 400 Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide Cr (IV) The removal rate increased by 40 times more as compared to un-treated biochar The number of micropores and mesoporous in the unit area enhanced, After treatment, the SA enhanced by 6.1% and the average pore diameter increased by 16.5% 24 Seaweed 200 KOH V(V) 12 mg g −1 sorption capacity noticed Complexation, electrostatic interaction and pore diffusion 25 Rice straw 400 β-cyclodextrin and HCl Pb 2+ 130 mg g −1 sorption capacity found was higher than unmodified biochar Complexation, ion exchange, and physisorption ...…”
Section: Various Modification Techniques For the Preparation Of Funct...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Acid treatment modifies the physicochemical attributes of biochar to increase the adsorption capacities for the elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants from soil and wastewater. The pickling mechanism decreased the sludge-based adsorbent’s micro-pore volume and enhanced the mesoporous volume, thereby improving the sorption capacity of biochar for antibiotics and heavy metals 23 . Compared to fresh biochar, H 3 PO 4 -treated eucalyptus-derived biochar exhibited higher removal efficiency of chromium hexavalent 24 .…”
Section: Various Modification Techniques For the Preparation Of Funct...mentioning
The pollution of soil and aquatic systems by inorganic and organic chemicals has become a global concern. Economical, eco-friendly, and sustainable solutions are direly required to alleviate the deleterious effects of these chemicals to ensure human well-being and environmental sustainability. In recent decades, biochar has emerged as an efficient material encompassing huge potential to decontaminate a wide range of pollutants from soil and aquatic systems. However, the application of raw biochars for pollutant remediation is confronting a major challenge of not getting the desired decontamination results due to its specific properties. Thus, multiple functionalizing/modification techniques have been introduced to alter the physicochemical and molecular attributes of biochars to increase their efficacy in environmental remediation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in developing multiple functionalized/modified biochars via biological and other physiochemical techniques. Related mechanisms and further applications of multiple modified biochar in soil and water systems remediation have been discussed and summarized. Furthermore, existing research gaps and challenges are discussed, as well as further study needs are suggested. This work epitomizes the scientific prospects for a complete understanding of employing modified biochar as an efficient candidate for the decontamination of polluted soil and water systems for regenerative development.
“…CE operates on the belief that the economy and environment can synergistically drive environmental preservation, cultivate innovative business models, and generate employment opportunities. CE is increasing as a focal point in academic research and organizational implementation [13].…”
Considering sustainability and resource efficiency goals, the circular economy has gained significant attention as a promising economic model. To achieve this the countries worldwide are putting their attention on total municipal waste generation and its disposal methods with focus on recycling. For sustainable development of the country, policy makers need to design a new economic framework that should target reduction in the waste generation and enhancement in its reusage. Keeping in view this need the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) explored twelve key factors associated with the circular economy for European countries. For better understanding Heat map analysis is done on total municipal waste generation and recycling for ten countries. The trend analysis is also performed to get insight into how countries should plan their future policy designs keeping sustainability in the limelight. The study employs an ARIMA model to predict trends in two crucial components of the circular economy: municipal waste generation and recycling rates. The predicting modelling approach will provide a targeted measures to policy makers to handle the waste efficiently.
“…However, these processes require large amounts of energy and lead to waste formation and the release of halogenated compounds such as dioxins. Pyrometallurgical plants require particular infrastructure to prevent the release of dioxins and brominated flame retardants into the environment, which also increases the cost of the process [16][17][18].…”
Electronic waste grows globally at a rate of 5% annually, which makes electronic waste recycling (WEEE recycling) an urgent task aimed at achieving (i) environmental protection and (ii) the preservation of mineral resources through the re-introduction of strategic metals into the market. As it turns out, WEEE recycling produces further waste, called WEEE secondary waste, which still contains valuable metals such as gold, silver, and copper. This study assessed the economic viability of recovering these metals and identified the most promising targets and approaches. WEEE secondary waste produced at a plant in southern Europe was sampled and examined for this purpose. The study methods included an ANOVA (analysis of variance) and an OCCP (orthogonal central composition plan). Over 90% gold, silver, and copper extraction was achieved with hydrochloric acid leaching in sodium hypochlorite with sodium chlorite as an oxidizing agent at 60 °C. The significance of the variation in the response for each factor, calculated using the Yates algorithm, demonstrates that by excluding sodium chloride and optimizing the doses of hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochlorite, gold can be selectively recovered through the leaching process. The scenario of HCl (2.5M)/NaClO (5%) leaching results in the maximum extraction effect of Au (91.6%) at the lowest concentrations of Ag and Cu (37–44%).
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