A comprehensive review on radioactive waste cycle from generation to disposal

Enhancing the Selectivity of Trivalent Actinide over Lanthanide Using Asymmetrical Phenanthroline Diamide Ligands

“…As for DO-ET-DAPhen (L2) in the gas phase (Figure 4b), the H NMR Titration. 1 H NMR titration of the ligands with La(NO 3 ) 3 was conducted to determine the complex species in the single organic solvent. As shown in Figure 5, the titration of DE-ET-DAPhen and DO-ET-DAPhen displays similar results because the environment of aromatic hydrogen is barely influenced by the alkyl hydrogen.…”

“…The crude product obtained after the evaporation of the solvent was chromatographed on silica gel (eluent: EA/PE = 5/1, v/v) to obtain DE-ET-DAPhen as a brown powder (1.03 g, 38%). 1 The radioactive experiments in this work were performed in the radioactive laboratory of the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology of Tsinghua University. The solvent extraction of 241 Am(III) and 152,154 Eu(III) was performed at 298 ± 1 K. The organic phases were prepared by directly dissolving the ligands in F-3 or n-octanol.…”

“…As a clean and efficient energy source, nuclear energy exhibits distinct advantages in mitigating coal usage and greenhouse gas emissions. The sustainable development of nuclear energy is confronted with the challenging task of the safe disposal of used nuclear fuel (UNF). − Uranium and plutonium contained in the UNF could be recovered through Purex (plutonium and uranium reduction by extraction) process, whereas the highly radiotoxic minor actinides (MA) such as Am, Cm, and Np still persist in the high-level liquid waste (HLLW). , Therefore, the partitioning and transmutation (P & T) strategy was proposed to address the issue, which aims to transform long-lived MA into short-lived or stable elements. , However, it is necessary to partition residual lanthanides from HLLW before transmutation due to their large neutron resonance cross section. It is a challenging task to separate each other because of the similarities in the chemical properties between An­(III) and Ln­(III). , It has been found that the greater availability of the valence orbitals in the actinides would make it easier for actinides to bond with ligands containing soft donor atoms than lanthanides.…”

Catalytic decomposition of hydrazine nitrate and hydroxylamine nitrate in radioactive nitric acid waste liquid using Ru/AC catalyst

“…and organic compounds (1 v/v‰ TBP). 13 This undoubtedly increases the difficulty of catalytic decomposition due to the necessity for the catalyst carrier to possess exceptional resistance against acid, radiation, and organics. The activated carbon (AC) serves as an optimal carrier that fulfils the criteria.…”

Capture of Volatile Iodine Gas and Identification of Adsorption Sites in the Pore Network of Unsubstituted Imidazole Linker-Incorporated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8

“…In order to fulfill the increasing demand for clean and green energy worldwide, nuclear energy has emerged as a clean and safe alternative . The utilization of nuclear energy to its full potential for sustainable development requires efficient management of complex nuclear waste. , Various technologies are adopted to manage different types of radionuclide wastes, for example fission products, minor actinides, lanthanides, 137 Cs, 90 Sr, and so forth, depending on their half-lives, emitted radiation, and societal applications. However, volatile gaseous fission products, viz., 129 I, 131 I, 3 H, 14 CO 2 , and 85 Kr, from nuclear fuel reprocessing or their inadvertent release pose a real challenge.…”