“…Against the background of the traditional fossil energy shortage crisis and sustainable green development path (Ranjan Kumar and Kumar, 2020;Kalair et al, 2021;Li et al, 2022), it is encouraging that new energy electric vehicles (NEEVs) have been rapidly popularized worldwide due to their inherent advantages of zero harmful gas emissions, low energy consumption and non-pollution, high efficiency, and the use of more environmentally friendly electric energy as power sources (Buenger and Michalski, 2018;Mihet-Popa and Saponara, 2018;Hossain et al, 2022a;Cheok et al, 2022). Compared with the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE), NEEVs have more electronic and electrical equipment, including a power battery pack, inverters, traction electromotors, controllers, and a busbar cable, as shown in Figure 1 (Kene et al, 2021;Hossain et al, 2022b).…”