A comprehensive study on donor‐matched comparisons of three types of mesenchymal stem cells‐containing cells from human dental tissue

Abstract

Background and Objective Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in tissue engineering, such as for regenerating the supporting structures of teeth destroyed by periodontal diseases. In recent decades, dental tissue‐derived MSCs have drawn much attention owing to their accessibility, plasticity and applicability. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and gingival MSCs (GMSCs) are the most readily available MSCs among all types of dental MSCs. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively compare the characteristics of MSCs from dental pulp (DP), periodontal ligament (PDL) and gingiva (G) in vitro and thus provide insight into optimizing the performance of cells and seed cell selection strategies for tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods In this study, patient‐matched (n = 5) cells derived from DP, PDL and G which, respectively, contained DPSCs, PDLSCs and GMSCs were evaluated using multiple methods in terms of their proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, multilineage differentiation and stemness maintenance after long‐term passage. Results Mesenchymal stem cells‐containing cells from G (MSCs/GCs) showed superior proliferation capability, whereas patient‐matched MSCs‐containing cells from PDL (MSCs/PDLCs) exhibited excellent osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation ability; MSCs‐containing cells from DP (MSCs/DPCs) achieved mediocre results in both aspects. In addition, MSCs/GCs were the least susceptible to senescence, while MSCs/PDLCs were the most prone to ageing. Furthermore, the biological properties of these three types of cells were all affected after long‐term in vitro culture. Conclusion These three types of dental MSCs showed different biological characteristics. MSCs/PDLCs are the best candidate cells for bone regeneration, but the application of MSCs/PDLCs might be limited to certain number of passages. Improving the differentiation of MSCs/GCs remains the key issue regarding their application in tissue engineering.

Downregulation of Prolactin-Induced Protein Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

“…The PDLSCs were isolated as previously described [ 13 , 14 ]. Briefly, premolars were collected from medical wastes of patients 12–25 years old with orthodontic extractions.…”

A comparative study on immunophenotypic characterization and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from periodontal ligament and gingiva

“…13 The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of PDLM-SCs and GMSCs was compared. As Figures 4 and 5 show, both of them had differentiation potency, with osteogenic potential of PDLMSCs superior to GMSCs, 22 but adipogenic potential the same; therefore, they are good candidate stem cells for cell therapy and bone regeneration. 28 Differentiation and real-time PCR analysis of ALP and COL 1 markers was carried out to evaluate osteogenic differentiation.…”

“…For comparative analysis of gene expression, the threshold PCR cycle (CT) was obtained, and the relative comparison of each target gene was analyzed using the comparative Ct method (ΔΔCt). 7,22 ∥ Merck, Germany.…”

Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - A Comprehensive Review

“…Meanwhile, they found that GMSCs display stable morphology and do not lose MSC characteristics and maintain telomerase activity following long-term cultures (22). In comparison to other types of dental MSCs, previous studies indicated that GMSCs possess less osteogenic potentials than PDLSCs (27,32,33). However, compared to PDLSCs, GMSCs are less susceptible to replicative senescence and proinflammatory cytokine-induced impairment in osteogenic potentials in vitro and ectopic bone formation in vivo (27).…”