A Comprehensive Survey on MIMO Visible Light Communication: Current Research, Machine Learning and Future Trends

Sejan, Mohammad Abrar Shakil; Rahman, Md Habibur; Aziz, Md Abdul; Kim, Dong–Sun; You, Young-Hwan; Song, Hyoung‐Kyu

doi:10.3390/s23020739

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…Hence, the use of VLC can reduce latency by its capability to simultaneously enhance illumination and communication to the users through a single device. MIMO structures [ 20 ] are required to ensure higher reliability and data throughput to provide a reduced latency and increased robustness to the VLC system. We can utilize a holographic MIMO [ 122 ] as a part of this novel beamforming technology to enable the evolution of wireless networks by allowing pervasive communications between humans and AR/VR devices.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using such wireless technologies for network design, low-latency connectivity can also be achieved by focusing on finding an optimal end-to-end packet transmission path from transmitter’s Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) to the receiver’s PDCP from the device all the way to the application, wherever it is located (e.g., in a data center or cloud provider), and back. This leads to a necessity to meet all the requirements of an optimal message transmission [ 20 ], technologies, and the topology of the overall network architecture. Additionally, these technologies require an intelligent wireless network design by utilizing the mmWave-based technologies to support their requirements of an ultra-reliable and low-latency connection for delivering a realistic and seamless spatially aware experience to the user.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards an Evolved Immersive Experience: Exploring 5G- and Beyond-Enabled Ultra-Low-Latency Communications for Augmented and Virtual Reality

Hazarika

Rahmati

2023

Sensors

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Augmented reality and virtual reality technologies are witnessing an evolutionary change in the 5G and Beyond (5GB) network due to their promising ability to enable an immersive and interactive environment by coupling the virtual world with the real one. However, the requirement of low-latency connectivity, which is defined as the end-to-end delay between the action and the reaction, is very crucial to leverage these technologies for a high-quality immersive experience. This paper provides a comprehensive survey and detailed insight into various advantageous approaches from the hardware and software perspectives, as well as the integration of 5G technology, towards 5GB, in enabling a low-latency environment for AR and VR applications. The contribution of 5GB systems as an outcome of several cutting-edge technologies, such as massive multiple-input, multiple-output (mMIMO) and millimeter wave (mmWave), along with the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques towards an ultra-low-latency communication system, is also discussed in this paper. The potential of using a visible-light communications (VLC)-guided beam through a learning algorithm for a futuristic, evolved immersive experience of augmented and virtual reality with the ultra-low-latency transmission of multi-sensory tracking information with an optimal scheduling policy is discussed in this paper.

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Section: Discussion and Future Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Evolved Immersive Experience: Exploring 5G- and Beyond-Enabled Ultra-Low-Latency Communications for Augmented and Virtual Reality

Hazarika

Rahmati

2023

Sensors

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“…The proposed power allocation algorithm is shown in Algorithm 1. With I LEDs and K users, the computational complexity required for b i,k can be approximated as O(IK) based on (10) and lines 2-6 in Algorithm 1. According to (11), α i,k can be calculated using the results of (10) without additional complexity.…”

Section: Allocation Principle Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the main disadvantages of VLC is the limited modulation bandwidth of the employed light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [5], where the 3 dB bandwidth has only 5∼10 MHz. To improve the achievable data rate, extensive studies on methods such as advanced optical modulation [6,7], channel equalization [8], multiple access schemes [9], and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) [10] have been carried out based on intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) architecture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Gain Difference Power Allocation for NOMA-Based Visible Light Communications

Zhong,

Miao,

Wang

2024

Electronics

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With the escalating demand for high-data-rate wireless services, visible light communication (VLC) technology has emerged as a promising complement to traditional radio frequency wireless networks. To further enhance the achievable rate and error performance in non-orthogonal multiple access-based VLC downlinks, an efficient power allocation scheme named enhanced gain difference power allocation (EGDPA) is proposed for a multiple-input multiple-output VLC system. The power factors are determined by considering users’ channel gains and utilizing the residual allocation principle, which focuses on the remaining power available after allocating it to the previous users. In addition, the impacts of the user distribution and transmission power are investigated, and the performance metrics in terms of achievable data rate, energy efficiency, and bit error rate are also analytically presented. Simulation results demonstrate that energy efficiency can be significantly improved and the achievable data rate gain can be enhanced by at least 6.25% with the proposed EGDPA scheme as compared with other traditional methods, confirming its superiority and validity for efficient multi-user accessing.

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“…Beyond the RIS-aided communication systems we have mentioned, there are numerous emerging scenarios for next-generation wireless communications. These scenarios include those that employ terahertz (THz) communication technology [101] and visible light communication (VLC) technology [102]. Among them, THz communications can bring massive spectrum resources that meet the requirements of 6G.…”

Section: Channel Estimation For Other 6g Communication Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Learning for Channel Estimation in Physical Layer Wireless Communications: Fundamental, Methods, and Challenges

Lv,

Luo

2023

Electronics

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With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, intelligent communication has become one of the mainstream research directions after the fifth generation (5G). In particular, deep learning has emerged as a significant artificial intelligence technology widely applied in the physical layer of wireless communication for achieving intelligent receiving processing. Channel estimation, a crucial component of physical layer communication, is essential for further information recovery. As a motivation, this paper aims to review the relevant research on applying deep learning methods in channel estimation. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the conventional channel estimation methods and then analyzes their respective merits and drawbacks. Subsequently, this paper introduces several common types of neural networks and describes the application of deep learning in channel estimation according to data-driven and model-driven approaches, respectively. Then, this paper extends to emerging communication scenarios and discusses the existing research on channel estimation based on deep learning for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided communication systems. Finally, to meet the demands of next-generation wireless communication, challenges and future research trends in deep-learning-based channel estimation are discussed.

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A Comprehensive Survey on MIMO Visible Light Communication: Current Research, Machine Learning and Future Trends

Cited by 27 publications

References 177 publications

Towards an Evolved Immersive Experience: Exploring 5G- and Beyond-Enabled Ultra-Low-Latency Communications for Augmented and Virtual Reality

Towards an Evolved Immersive Experience: Exploring 5G- and Beyond-Enabled Ultra-Low-Latency Communications for Augmented and Virtual Reality

Enhanced Gain Difference Power Allocation for NOMA-Based Visible Light Communications

Deep Learning for Channel Estimation in Physical Layer Wireless Communications: Fundamental, Methods, and Challenges

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