A comprehensive sustainable development framework; community capitals and village-cooperative initiative

Abstract

Considering the cooperative sector capabilities in organizing rural people, primarily focusing on empowering manpower and adopting a sustainable approach to basic resources (water and soil), village-cooperative initiative has emerged as a new concept by registering and forming 4565 new cooperatives in Iran’s rural regions. The present research which was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative phases designed a new model by integrating the new village-cooperative approach along with the sustainable livelihood’s framework theory. The study sample of the qualitative phase included 32 theorists of the village-cooperative initiative. To analyze the data, the grounded theory and three-step process of open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used using MAXqda18 software. Finally, a paradigm model was designed whose most important components included causal conditions (shocks and seasonal conditions), contextual conditions (trends and governmental support), intervening conditions (control and market development), central categories (sustainable livelihoods with a village- cooperative approach), strategies (coping and adaptation) and consequences (creating jobs, establishing cooperatives, supporting smart agriculture and strengthening social capital). The statistical quantitative phase population consisted of cooperatives members in the village-cooperative initiative (N=405), being selected through Cochran's formula with proportional sampling method summing up to198 people from 5 provinces. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The Bayesian structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results of the research quantitative phase showed that the variables of financial capital, physical capital, social capital, coping and adaptation strategies, human capital and natural capital were the most effective variables on village-cooperative initiative members’ sustainable livelihoods, respectively. Finally, a hybrid model based on the qualitative and quantitative studies was designed and suggestions were made; for instance, the creation of suitable grounds for off-farm activities such as rural industries and ecotourism.

Village Development Paradigms and Their Implementation in Post-Reformation Indonesia

“…One paradigm focuses on the cooperative sector and sustainable livelihoods, which aims to empower rural communities and utilize basic resources effectively (Mohammadi et al, 2024). Another paradigm emphasizes transcendental values, ethics and morals in utilizing natural resources and the environment for the benefit of society (Turmudi & Iksan, 2023).…”

Mino Bimaadiziwin Homebuilder Program’s Impact on Sustainable Livelihoods Among Youth in Garden Hill and Wasagamack First Nations: An Evaluative Study

“…No one was (or is) prepared for gainful employment in traditional ways. (Indian and Northern Affairs, 1985, p. 37) Education, whether formal or informal, should improve health, happiness, and income, which are all aspects of sustainable livelihoods (Gaudet, 2021;Chambers & Conway, 1992;Mohammadi, Omidi Najafabadi, & Poursaeed, 2021;Snider, 2021). Education aims to boost capabilities and assets (Snider, 2021;Gaudet, 2021;Trade Winds to Success, 2020;Chambers & Conway, 1992) required for normal living and survival during difficult times such as under COVID-19 pandemic or climate change disasters (Snider, 2021;Chambers & Conway, 1992).…”

“…Anishininiwuk felt this was the best way to build sustainable livelihoods for Anishinini youth in their community (see Figure 2a). A sustainable livelihood assessment was used to evaluated whether this holistic, decolonial education positively impacted the youth (Gaudet, 2021;Chambers & Conway, 1992;Mohammadi et al, 2021;Snider, 2021).…”

“…The SLA was applied to holistically measure the educational project's impacts. Homebuilders' human, financial, physical, social, natural, and cultural assets were measured using relevant indicators of Anishinini Homebuilders' livelihoods (Mohammadi et al, 2021;Snider, 2021;Batal, Chan, Fediuk, Ing, Berti, Mercille, Sadik, & Johnson-Down, 2021;Marushka, Batal, Tikhonov, Sadik, Schwartz, Ing, Fediuk, & Chan, 2021;Morse & McNamara, 2013;Ballard, 2012; United Nations Development Programme [UNDP], 2017). The indicators used are education outcomes for human assets; income and ability to pay bills for financial assets; capacity for homebuilding for physical assets and home situations; relations with family and neighbours for social assets; access to forestry resources for natural assets; and Anishiniwuk knowledge and language for the cultural asset (Snider, 2021;Smyth and Vanclay, 2017;Morse & McNamara, 2013).…”

Sustainability of Family Hope Program in Batu Bersurat Village, XIII Koto Kampar District, Kampar Regency, Riau, Indonesia

“…Sustainable rural livelihoods are influenced by physical and social capital (Xiong et al, 2021). Access to communication facilities, education, and family health services has a significant impact on physical capital, while participation, relationships with facilitators, and trust in others have a significant impact on social capital (Gai et al, 2020;Mohammadi et al, 2023). Villages with market-based livelihoods have a greater impact on reducing poverty than those with subsistence-based livelihoods.…”