“…The modern techniques include simulated annealing [5,47,71], genetic algorithms [20,21,56,78,85], heuristics [35,51,77], memetics [8], and hybrids [6,49,50]. Various optimisation studies have also been conducted, including by Billinton and colleague [9], Charles-Owaba [13], Christiaanse [15], El-Sharkh [28], Pan [69], Yamayee and associate [86], and Zunn and Quintana [91,92]. Models have been developed in different situations: proportional intensities [64], full history [43], warranted products [41], finite source [43], uncertainty [54], deregulated system [59], and planning [79].…”