A concept-oriented analysis of future-time reference in native and near-native Hexagonal French

Edmonds, Amanda; Gudmestad, Aarnes; Donaldson, Bryan

doi:10.1017/s0959269516000259

Cited by 15 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Poplack and Turpin (1999) observed a rate of 7%, in comparison with the two morphological futures, which were at 20% for the Synthetic Future and 73% for the Analytic Future respectively. However, recent studies report a higher frequency of Present, 32% in informal conversations collected in France (Edmonds et al, 2017;Gudmestad et al, 2018), and 27.5% in France, and 42% in Québec in prepared oral speech data (Blondeau and Labeau, 2016).…”

Section: Frequency Of the Variantsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Sankoff, Evans Wagner and Jensen, 2012) Ontario French (Grimm, 2010(Grimm, , 2015Grimm and Nadasdi, 2011) and other varieties of Laurentian French 5 (Stelling, 2008). In comparison, European varieties of spoken French have been underrepresented (Wales, 1983;Jeanjean, 1988;Hansen and Strudsolm, 2006;Fleury and Branca-Rosoff, 2010;Lindschouw, 2011;Edmonds, Gudmestad and Donaldson, 2017;Abouda and Skrovec, 2015;Villeneuve and Comeau, 2016;Gudmestad, Edmonds, Donaldson and Carmichael, 2018).…”

Section: Overview Of Varieties and Variants Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, only a few studies have considered all three variants (Poplack and Turpin, 1999;Poplack and Dion, 2009;Grimm, 2015;Blondeau and Labeau, 2016;Edmonds et al, 2017;Gudmestad et al, 2018). The exclusion of the Present from the analysis is partly due to the fact that most of the variationist studies have been based on data from semi-directed sociolinguistics interviews, where the Present variant is rare.…”

Section: Overview Of Varieties and Variants Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exclusion of the Present from the analysis is partly due to the fact that most of the variationist studies have been based on data from semi-directed sociolinguistics interviews, where the Present variant is rare. Only recently have other types of corpora been studied: natural conversations (King and Nadasdi, 2003;Hansen and Strudsholm, 2006;Comeau, 2015;Edmonds et al, 2017, Gudmestad et al, 2018, weather reports (Blondeau and Labeau, 2016), and text messages (Labeau, 2014). These studies reported a larger presence of the Present variant, which warrants its integration in the analysis.…”

Section: Overview Of Varieties and Variants Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the frequency differs across varieties and studies. In work on Hexagonal French, the use of Analytic Future amounts to 42% in Jeanjean (1988), 59% in Roberts (2012), 62% in Villeneuve and Comeau (2016), 66% in Edmonds et al (2017) and 66% in Abouda and Skrovec (2015). In Laurentian French, the rates are even higher and vary from 78% (Poplack and Turpin, 1999) to 90% in Grimm (2010).…”

Section: Frequency Of the Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Texting the future in Belgium and Québec: Present matters

Tremblay

Blondeau

Labeau

2019

French Language Studies

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This study investigates the variation in the expression of Future Temporal Reference in text messages in Belgian and Québécois French. Three variants are considered: the Futurate Present, the Synthetic Future and the Analytic Future. The results of multivariate analyses show that the use of the Futurate Present does not appear to be subject to dialectal variation: both communities use this variant at similar rates, and the use of the variant is constrained by the same linguistic factors. The two dialects show differences in their choice of the Synthetic vs the Analytic Future. Unlike Québécois French, Belgian French strongly favours the Synthetic Future. The two dialects also differ with respect to the linguistic constraints in effect. Our analysis shows the need to explore the relationship between variants, and to distinguish between Covert T (realized as Present tense) and Overt T (either Synthetic or Analytic Future). Our results point toward the hybrid nature of text messages: while our results show patterns of use in line with oral/conversational corpora as reflected by the dialectal variation observed, text messages are not exempt from the influence of written French, as shown by the use of Synthetic Future forms in affirmative sentences in the Québec corpus.

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Section: Frequency Of the Variantsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Overview Of Varieties and Variants Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Varieties and Variants Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Varieties and Variants Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Frequency Of the Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Texting the future in Belgium and Québec: Present matters

Tremblay

Blondeau

Labeau

2019

French Language Studies

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On the role of the present indicative in variable future-time reference in Hexagonal French

Gudmestad¹,

Edmonds²,

Donaldson³

et al. 2017

Can. J. Linguist.

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This article investigates variable future-time expression among native speakers of Hexagonal French who participated in informal conversations. The quantitative analysis is the first to examine the inflectional future, periphrastic future, and present indicative as separate forms within a single statistical model of French oral production. Results indicate that temporal distance and presence/absence of a temporal expression predict use of these verb forms. The second phase of the analysis focused on the use of the present indicative in future-time contexts. The examination of each instance of the present indicative shows that an immediate lexical temporal indicator is not necessary for this form to convey futurity and that future-time reference is often established at the discourse level and occasionally through apparent shared knowledge between the interlocutors. This investigation suggests the value of including the present indicative in the analysis of future-time reference in Hexagonal French in order to fully capture variation.

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When a linguistic variable doesn’t vary (much): The subjunctive mood in a conservative variety of Acadian French and its relevance to the actuation problem

Comeau

2019

French Language Studies

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This study considers the subjunctive mood in one of the most conservative varieties of Acadian French, that spoken in the Baie Sainte-Marie region in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. A number of claims made in the literature are considered: whether the subjunctive mood is undergoing loss, whether it expresses semantic meaning, and whether it is lexically-conditioned. Unlike most spoken varieties of French where the subjunctive is argued to be a linguistic variable (i.e., it varies with other moods), the results for Baie Sainte-Marie show that it varies very little. The analysis reveals that the few cases of variation can be accounted for by formal theoretical approaches to the subjunctive where this mood is argued to express modality. With limited variation, the subjunctive is not showing signs of loss. These findings suggest that the subjunctive is not part of a linguistic variable and so is not subject to inherent variability. I further argue that the retention of the imperfect subjunctive in this variety, along with a tense concordance effect, can help us understand why the subjunctive became a linguistic variable in other varieties of French, which ultimately contributes to our understanding of the actuation problem.

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A concept-oriented analysis of future-time reference in native and near-native Hexagonal French

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Texting the future in Belgium and Québec: Present matters

Texting the future in Belgium and Québec: Present matters

On the role of the present indicative in variable future-time reference in Hexagonal French

When a linguistic variable doesn’t vary (much): The subjunctive mood in a conservative variety of Acadian French and its relevance to the actuation problem

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