A Concise History of Modern India

Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R.

doi:10.1017/cbo9781139207805

Cited by 70 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The majority (99.2%) of the adult study population experienced or witnessed at least one traumatic event during their lifetime (range [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], with an average of 7.7 (SD 4.0) traumatic events per person. Men reported that they had witnessed or experienced more traumatic events than women (mean 8.4 (SD 4.2) and 6.4 (SD 3.8), respectively; p<0.001) (table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Kashmir Valley

et al. 2017

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BackgroundFollowing the partition of India in 1947, the Kashmir Valley has been subject to continual political insecurity and ongoing conflict, the region remains highly militarised. We conducted a representative cross-sectional population-based survey of adults to estimate the prevalence and predictors of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the 10 districts of the Kashmir Valley.MethodsBetween October and December 2015, we interviewed 5519 out of 5600 invited participants, ≥18 years of age, randomly sampled using a probability proportional to size cluster sampling design. We estimated the prevalence of a probable psychological disorder using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ-16). Both screening instruments had been culturally adapted and translated. Data were weighted to account for the sampling design and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for developing symptoms of psychological distress.FindingsThe estimated prevalence of mental distress in adults in the Kashmir Valley was 45% (95% CI 42.6 to 47.0). We identified 41% (95% CI 39.2 to 43.4) of adults with probable depression, 26% (95% CI 23.8 to 27.5) with probable anxiety and 19% (95% CI 17.5 to 21.2) with probable PTSD. The three disorders were associated with the following characteristics: being female, over 55 years of age, having had no formal education, living in a rural area and being widowed/divorced or separated. A dose–response association was found between the number of traumatic events experienced or witnessed and all three mental disorders.InterpretationThe implementation of mental health awareness programmes, interventions aimed at high risk groups and addressing trauma-related symptoms from all causes are needed in the Kashmir Valley.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Kashmir Valley

et al. 2017

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“…Even though suspending elected institutions through PR is an emergency power, Article 356 has often been declared "in circumstances where it was perfectly clear that a breakdown in constitutional authority had not taken place". 59 The provision has been misused to "intimidate recalcitrant state governments", 60 and to resolve intra-party conflicts. 61 Episodes of PR are thus akin to "interrupted regimes" in cross-national research.…”

Section: Autonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing and measuring subnational democracy across Indian states

2019

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India is often credited for its success as the world's largest democracy, but variation in subnational democracy across its states has not been systematically incorporated into scholarship on subnational regimes. This paper develops a conceptualization of subnational democracy based on four constitutive dimensionsturnover, contestation, autonomy and clean electionsand introduces a comprehensive dataset to measure each of the dimensions between 1985 and 2013. The inclusion of Indiaan older parliamentary democracy with a centralized federal systembroadens the universe of cases for the study of subnational regimes, and reveals variation across constitutive dimensions that has not yet been theorized. The paper shows that threats to subnational democracy come from multiple directions, including the central government and non-state armed actors, that subnational variation persists even decades after a transition at the national-level, and that subnational democracy declines in some states in spite of the national democratic track record.

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“…The results of ambitious land reforms in the 1950s were limited as large landlords evaded new land-ownership ceilings through such simple tactics as distributing title deeds among family members. 47 The failure of land reform following independence led to the persistence of land inequality into the modern era. Panel 2.1 of Figure 2 shows that district-level land inequality, measured by the 1991 land Gini index, is highly correlated with the duration of British rule.…”

Section: Land Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conquest and Conflict: The Colonial Roots of Maoist Violence in India

Verghese

Teitelbaum

2019

Politics & Society

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Does colonialism have long-term effects on political stability? This question is addressed in a study of India's Naxalite insurgency, a Maoist rebellion characterized by its left-wing proponents as having roots in the colonial period. The article highlights three mechanisms linking colonialism with contemporary Naxalite violence-land inequality, discriminatory policies toward low-caste and tribal groups, and upper-caste-dominated administrative institutions. It analyzes how the degree of British influence relates to Naxalite conflict in 589 districts from 1980 to 2011. A positive association is found between British influence and the strength of the Naxalite rebellion across all of India, within both the "Red Corridor" region and former princely states. The results are robust to a coarsened exact matching analysis and a wide array of robustness checks. The findings call into question whether the supposedly beneficial administrative and institutional legacies of colonialism can be evaluated without reference to their social costs.

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A Concise History of Modern India

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Kashmir Valley

Prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Kashmir Valley

Conceptualizing and measuring subnational democracy across Indian states

Conquest and Conflict: The Colonial Roots of Maoist Violence in India

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