“…By contrast, the fluorescence technique shows great potential for achieving accurate and efficient detection due to its reliability, simplicity and significant sensitivity. 10,11 Indeed, well-designed luminescent materials (i.e., carbon quantum dots 12,13 and ZnS 14 ) that act as single-wave-intensity modulation mechanism probes (i.e., fluorescence enhancement or quenching, turn-on or turn-off modes) have achieved great success in the field of fluorescence detection for ionic species, 15,16 small molecules, 17,18 nitro explosives, 19,20 and others. However, in terms of RF detection, especially in actual blood or food samples, interfering substances can seriously affect the accuracy of the test results due to the difficulty of decoupling the quenching/ enhancement contributions from the detected RF and the other components in the complex sample.…”