A Country Made for Disasters: Environmental Vulnerability and Forced Migration in Bangladesh

Poncelet, Alice; Gemenne, François; Martiniello, Marco; Bousetta, Hassan

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12416-7_16

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Ample empirical evidence exists on the effects of climate-related natural hazards, such as tropical cyclones or floods, on people's mobility (cf. Black, Arnell, Adger, Thomas, & Geddes, 2013;Findlay & Geddes, 2011;IOM, 2010;Islam, 1992;Lein, 2000;Mallick & Vogt, 2012;Paul, 2005;Penning-Rowsell, Sultana, & Thompson 2013;Poncelet, Gemenne, Martiniello, & Boussetta, 2010;Warner, Ehrhart, de Sherbinin, Adamo, & Onn, 2009;World Bank, 2010). People in poverty, who live in exposed areas, are often most severely affected by natural hazards, but this does not necessarily mean that most of them are also mobile.…”

Section: Environmentally Induced Migration In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the absence of alternative livelihood options in many rural areas, permanent displacement is then the logical and often the last consequence (cf. IOM, 2010;Penning-Rowsell et al, 2013;Poncelet et al, 2010).…”

Section: Environmentally Induced Migration In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If no alternative employment opportunities are available in the neighbourhood, short-or mid-term labour mobility can become the sole option to secure a household's access to food (cf. Findlay & Geddes, 2011;Poncelet et al, 2010). According to Gray and Mueller (2012), a positive and significant relationship does exist between crop failures, which are primarily driven by rainfall variability, and long-term migration.…”

Section: Environmentally Induced Migration In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These 'trapped populations' (cf. Black et al, 2013;Poncelet et al, 2010) are forced to adapt to adverse effects of increasing rainfall variability with the resources that are locally available to them.…”

Section: Migrants From Kurigram In Bangladesh's Seasonal Labour Migramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Etzold

Ahmed

Hassan³

et al. 2013

Climate and Development

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This article presents empirical evidence on changing rainfall patterns in Kurigram district in northern Bangladesh, on the local people's perception of these changes, and on their decision to migrate, or not, in order to cope with rainfall variability and food insecurity. Our study was conducted as one of eight case studies within the 'Where the Rain Falls' Project. Taking on a social vulnerability perspective, we show that migration from the region is not driven by climatic changes, but rather by the existing livelihood and labour migration systems. First, there is a distinct seasonality and thus rainfall dependency of rural livelihoods, which makes the rural population sensitive to changing rainfall patterns. Second, rainfall variability and food security are closely intertwined. Third, the distinct rhythm in the labour migration system is largely structured by seasonal hunger (Monga) in northern Bangladesh and by the demand for agricultural labourers and informal workers at the respective destinations. Fourth, persisting local patterns of social inequality shape both people's condition of food security and their decision to migrate for work or not. We conclude that, instead of climate change, social inequality and food insecurity as well as structural economic differences are the strongest drivers of migration inside Bangladesh.

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Section: Environmentally Induced Migration In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentally Induced Migration In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmentally Induced Migration In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Migrants From Kurigram In Bangladesh's Seasonal Labour Migramentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Etzold

Ahmed

Hassan³

et al. 2013

Climate and Development

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“…It has also been identified that the poorer and vulnerable people of the community migrated after Cyclone Sidr in 2009 [49]. Accordingly, this study attempted to find the factors of vulnerability.…”

Section: Migration As An Alternativementioning

confidence: 99%

Living with the Risks of Cyclone Disasters in the South-Western Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Mallick¹,

2017

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Abstract:Bangladesh is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world. Cyclone disasters that affect millions of people, destroy homesteads and livelihoods, and trigger migration are common in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The aim of this article is to understand how the coastal communities in Bangladesh deal with the continuous threats of cyclones. As a case study, this study investigates communities that were affected by the Cyclone Sidr in 2007 and Cyclone Aila in 2009, covering 1555 households from 45 coastal villages in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. The survey method incorporated household based questionnaire techniques and community based focus group discussions. The pre-event situation highlights that the affected communities were physically vulnerable due to the strategic locations of the cyclone shelters nearer to those with social supreme status and the location of their houses in relatively low-lying lands. The victims were also socio-economically vulnerable considering the high rate of illiteracy, larger family size, no ownership of land, and extreme poverty. They were mostly day labourers, farmers, and fishermen. Post-event situation reveals that the victims' houses and livelihoods were severely damaged or destroyed. Most victims were forced to shift their occupations (e.g., from farmers to fishermen), and many became unemployed. They also became heavily dependent on micro-credits and other forms of loans. A significant number of people were displaced and migrated to large urban agglomerations in search of livelihoods to maintain their families back in the affected villages. Migration was primarily undertaken as an adaptation strategy.

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Healthy, nudged, and wise: Experimental evidence on the role of information salience in reducing tobacco intake

Fakir

Bharati

2022

Health Economics

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A Country Made for Disasters: Environmental Vulnerability and Forced Migration in Bangladesh

Cited by 51 publications

References 1 publication

Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Clouds gather in the sky, but no rain falls. Vulnerability to rainfall variability and food insecurity in Northern Bangladesh and its effects on migration

Living with the Risks of Cyclone Disasters in the South-Western Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Healthy, nudged, and wise: Experimental evidence on the role of information salience in reducing tobacco intake

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