A critical control point approach to the removal of chemicals of concern from water for reuse

Scales, Peter J.; Wijekoon, Kaushalya C.; Ladwig, Christian; Knight, A; Allinson, Mayumi; Allinson, Graeme; Zhang, Jianhua; Gray, Stephen; Packer, M; Northcott, Kathy; Sheehan, David V.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.035

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…CCPs help define operational boundaries in treatment processes and reduce the risk of failures and ensures that multibarrier treatment systems function as expected (Scales et al, 2019). CCPs were originally developed in the food and beverage industry and focused on determining key points within manufacturing steps where contamination could occur (Ropkins et al, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen reduction by ozone–biological activated carbon‐based advanced water reclamation for reuse

Teel

Pagilla

Lin

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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Ozone-biological activated carbon (ozone-BAC)-based technologies are emerging as an appealing option for potable reuse systems; however, uncertainty remains regarding the reduction of waterborne pathogens. Common log reduction requirements have been modeled after California Department of Drinking Water's 12-10-10 log reduction value (LRV) for enteric virus, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia, respectively. The objective of this research was to investigate appropriate LRVs of pathogens that can be achieved in ozone-BAC-based treatment systems and to assess the applicability of employing drinking water pathogen guidelines for potable reuse applications. A pilot scale ozone-BAC-based treatment train was operated at two water reclamation facilities in Reno, Nevada, USA. Virus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and bacterial indicators were monitored across individual and combined treatment processes. Pathogen barriers investigated include conventional filtration, ozonation, and ultraviolet disinfection. Based on sampling and treatment validation strategies, the three pathogen barriers can provide minimum LRVs of 13-9-9.5 for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Secondary biological treatment can provide additional pathogen LRVs with site-specific sampling. The present study addresses regulatory uncertainties associated with ozone-BAC pathogen reduction. Practitioner Points • Ozone-biological activated carbon-based advanced treatment can meet pathogen LRV requirements with a minimum of three pathogen barriers. • Successfully applied drinking water pathogen reduction guidelines for potable reuse applications verified by operational criteria. • Low presence of pathogens requires surrogates and indicator analyses and variety of monitoring techniques to verify pathogen log reduction. K E Y W O R D S log 10 reduction values, ozone-biological activated carbon, water reclamation, water reuse, waterborne pathogens Krishna Pagilla is a member of the Water Environment Federation (WEF).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen reduction by ozone–biological activated carbon‐based advanced water reclamation for reuse

Teel

Pagilla

Lin

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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“…(g) the public acceptance of the wastewater treatment strategy and building social trust are important factors that must be addressed [55]. (h) the high costs of testing and process validation associated with the guaranteed removal of pollutants and pathogens from feed water to the minimum permissible levels [63]. (i) the financial challenges for routine operations [61].…”

Section: Desalination and Wastewater Treatment For Marginal Water Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Innovations and Perspectives for Providing Adequate Water for Sustainable Irrigation

Abou-Shady,

Siddique,

2023

Water

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Global climatic change intensifies the water crisis, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In this regard, the provision of enough water for irrigation is a serious dilemma because the agricultural sector consumes the largest amount of water (70% withdrawal and 90% consumption). In this review, we have summarized recent innovations that have emerged as unconventional techniques to supply adequate water for irrigation purposes. We present the principles and basics of seven approaches: the Sahara Forest Project (SFP), water extraction from the air (WEA), aquifer recharge, the treatment of marginal water using a magnetic field, desalination and wastewater treatment (DWT), electro-agric technology (E-AT), and the Toshka Project. The SFP is currently being utilized in Aqaba, Jordan, and DWT is considered a common practice worldwide, whereas some of these innovations are still under investigation to ensure their feasibility for large-scale applications, such as E-AT. The Toshka Project is considered a wonderful idea that utilizes the water stored behind the High Dam in Lake Nasser, Egypt. Several approaches have been adopted to reduce the amount of water being used for irrigation, as the current amount of freshwater is insufficient for the requirements of increased agricultural consumption, particularly in hot, arid, and semi-arid regions.

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“…During the operation of a WWTP, several tests and process validations should be conducted to guarantee that no chemicals or pathogens exist in the outlet water and ensure adherence to the standards, beyond which there may be acute or chronic health and/or environmental effects. The CCP concept was proposed to clarify the operational boundaries of the key barriers in a water treatment process [5]. The CCP approach was first developed for the beverage and food industry as a preventative approach to ensure food safety, considered a distinct approach reliable through final inspection.…”

Section: The Critical Control Point (Ccp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it should be guaranteed that no acute or chronic health and environmental effects will occur owing to the reuse of TWW. The critical control point (CCP) concept has been proposed to clarify the operational boundaries of the key barriers in water treatment processes [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Recent Progress in Global Water Reuse during 2019–2021 and Perspectives to Overcome Future Water Crisis

Abou-Shady,

Siddique,

2023

Environments

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The exacerbation of the global water crisis due to an increase in global population, industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural activities, along with global climate change and limited water resources, makes water reuse inevitable in all continents. By 2030, global water consumption may grow to ~160% of the currently available volume. This study reviews recently published articles (2019–2021) to explore global case studies of water reuse and discusses future perspectives by country based on a literature survey on water reuse. There are 17 obstacles reported worldwide regarding water reuse (e.g., the properties and low amounts of treated water, regulations, financial challenges, etc.) and 10 advantages of utilizing reused water in various fields (e.g., overcoming the global water crisis, improving the economy, benefiting the industrial sector, etc.). The concept of reusing water has been accepted by countries in almost every continent (e.g., Australia, Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, and North America); the technical findings from different countries are summarized in this study. The water reuse scenario is not restricted to countries with limited water supply and can be applied to those with sufficient water resources (e.g., Canada and Brazil have also implemented water reuse policies). Water reuse can be utilized by human beings via indirect and direct potable recycling, as well as in agriculture, textile, construction, hotel, groundwater recharge, and aquaculture industries. However, a standard guideline for the application of reclaimed water at a global scale is unavailable. Several perspectives have been suggested for the future utilization of reclaimed water worldwide as an effort to secure and ensure the sustainability of existing natural water resources. Lastly, water reuse may be considered a potential alternative for reducing the burden on water resources in the future.

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A critical control point approach to the removal of chemicals of concern from water for reuse

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Pathogen reduction by ozone–biological activated carbon‐based advanced water reclamation for reuse

Pathogen reduction by ozone–biological activated carbon‐based advanced water reclamation for reuse

A Critical Review of Innovations and Perspectives for Providing Adequate Water for Sustainable Irrigation

A Critical Review of Recent Progress in Global Water Reuse during 2019–2021 and Perspectives to Overcome Future Water Crisis

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