A Critical Review and Assessment of Herman and Chomsky's ‘Propaganda
                    Model’

Klaehn, Jeffery

doi:10.4135/9780857024374.d16

Cited by 39 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…This is a rather basic point that critics of the PM often miss, which is (by this point in time) at best perplexing, especially considering that Herman and Chomsky had explicitly addressed this point in the opening pages of the original version of Manufacturing Consent, stating that: 'The news media are not a solid monolith on all issues' (Herman and Chomsky, 1988, xiii). Herman and Chomsky have both written at length about dissent culture (see Chomsky, 1997a;Klaehn, 2002a). Herman (2000) has pointed out that critics of the PM often ignore the fact that the PM is actually 'about how the media work, not how effective they are'.…”

Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model highlights how ideology, communicative power and media texts link to social organization, cultural education and pervasive social, political and economic inequalities (see Chomsky, 1997a;1997b;Winter, 2007). The model suggests that mainstream commercial media are structurally predisposed to endorse, legitimize and promote the interests of power (Chomsky, 1989;Klaehn, 2002a;2002b;2003a; also see Bagdikian, 1992;Barker, 2009;Carey, 1995;Edwards and Cromwell, 2005;Herman, 1999;Herman and McChesney, 1997). Herman (cited in Klaehn, 2008) explains that the PM's theoretical origins reside in 'the economic model of industrial organization that traces back to the great British economist Alfred Marshall', which:…”

Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within individual news stories, preferred meanings are typically encoded into media texts, influencing how news articles are constructed vis-à-vis their headlines and leads, as well as overall story presentation, particularly in relation to choices of emphasis and overall tone. Encoding/decoding is associated with the work of Stuart Hall (1980), whereas Herman and Chomsky's PM is typically thought to be concerned to identify bias within media discourses (see Chomsky, 1989;Klaehn, 2002a;2002b;2003a;2006a;2006d;. The PM does not embrace encoding/decoding but is concerned to delineate the extent to which particular features of media texts (such as the aforementioned basic constituent elements of particular news stories) structure news discourses so as to encourage intended, preferred readings.…”

Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The five filter elements outlined above constitute the foundations of the PM (see Herman, 2000;Klaehn, 2002a;2003a;2003b). Taken together, the five filters provide a framework that illuminates why and how structural dimensions encourage a systematic right-wing bias and limited range of debate within mainstream media discourses.…”

Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Propaganda Model: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations

Klaehn¹

2009

WPCC

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This article provides an overview of the Propaganda Model and rehearses central theoretical considerations concerning the model's overall understanding of media behaviour. The article then advances a contemporary state-of-the-art discourse on the methodological techniques that may be utilized in applying the model, highlights potentially complementary approaches to the critical study of mass media behaviour and explores criticisms of the model.The 'Propaganda Model' (PM) of media operations advanced by Herman and Chomsky (1988) is analytically and conceptually concerned to engage with the question of how ideological and communicative power connect with economic, political and social power, and to explore the consequent effects upon media output. This article overviews the PM and highlights central arguments associated with the PM regarding overall patterns of media behaviour. The article then considers ways in which the PM may be applied, exploring the methodological techniques that may be utilized in applying the model. The article also highlights potentially complementary approaches to the critical study of mass media behaviour and explores criticisms of the model. The Herman-Chomsky Propaganda Model -An OverviewThe PM's five filter elements draw attention to the main structural constraints that impact overall patterns of media performance. Herman and Chomsky correctly observe that most mainstream media are themselves typically large corporations, 'controlled by very wealthy people or by managers who are subject to sharp constraints by owners and other market-profit-oriented forces ' (Herman and Chomsky, 1988, 14). Their model suggests that ownership, size and profit ______________________________ Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture

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Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Propaganda Model: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations

Klaehn¹

2009

WPCC

Self Cite

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“…Bagdikian, 2004;Curran and Seaton, 2003;Edwards and Cromwell, 2006;Gall, 1997;Hackett and Uzelman, 2003;Herman, 1995;Klaehn, 2005;Lee and Solomon, 1992;McChesney, 1997;Parenti, 1993;Rampton and Stauber, 2001;Winter, 1997;. Corporate influences are traceable on several levels: media workers, working routines, organizational interests, external pressures and ideology as a product of power relations (Hackett and Uzelman, 2003, 332-4;Shoemaker and Reese, 1996).…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it Either Or? Professional Ideology vs. Corporate-media Constraints

Zollmann

2009

WPCC

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The article critically assesses Herman and Chomsky's Propaganda Model and its third 'filter', which highlights the reliance of the media on information provided by governments and corporate institutions. Thereby, the relationship between the journalists' professional ideology and corporate-media constraints will be discussed. The text also incorporates critiques of the model. First, after a brief introduction of the main features of the Propaganda Model, the relevance of the third 'filter' will be indicated by arguing that the concept shares many similarities with the indexing theory. Afterwards, the article considers the third 'filter' and its applicability in relation to the British press. In the second part, the emergence of the professional ideology will be elaborated and linked to corporate control of the media. It will be argued that corporate constraints are the dominant determinants of media performance. Although professionalism allows for journalistic independence, it is a flexible construct that can be shaped by the demands of those who own, control and fund the media.

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Theoretical Overview: Comparative Media Studies and the Lebanese State

El-Richani

2016

The Lebanese Media

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A Critical Review and Assessment of Herman and Chomsky's ‘Propaganda Model’

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

The Propaganda Model: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations

The Propaganda Model: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations

Is it Either Or? Professional Ideology vs. Corporate-media Constraints

Theoretical Overview: Comparative Media Studies and the Lebanese State

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