A critical review on using biochar as constructed wetland substrate: Characteristics, feedstock, design and pollutants removal mechanisms

Barkaoui, Sofiane El; Mandi, Laila; Aziz, Faissal; Bubba, Massimo Del; Ouazzani, Naaila

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.106927

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…This can be done through the 2D contour plots reported in Figure S4 - S7 of the Supplementary material , where, in each of the four plots, a combination of the categorical variables WWB and ST is selected, while the multilevel factor CT is fixed at 90 min, owing to its lower statistical inference, compared to the other quantitative variables. In these plots, target values represent the EN 12915–1 requirements reported in Table S4 , except for SSA which was fixed at 300 m 2 g −1 based on an overview of literature data (El Barkaoui et al 2023 ). The examination of the contour plots highlights that in the investigated ranges of the process variables; the behaviour of the seven response variables modelled by PLS is identical for all four possible combinations of feedstocks subjected to co-pyrolysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar from co-pyrolysis of biological sludge and woody waste followed by chemical and thermal activation: end-of-waste procedure for sludge management and biochar sorption efficiency for anionic and cationic dyes

Bakari,

Fichera,

El Ghadraoui

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Nine biochars were produced by co-pyrolysis of sawdust and biological sludge following the “design of experiment” approach. Two kinds of sludge (both deriving from the treatment of mixed industrial-municipal wastewater) and two types of woody waste were selected as categorical predicting variables, while contact time, pyrolysis temperature, and sludge percentage were used as quantitative variables. Biochars were analysed for their product characteristics and environmental compatibility based on the European Standards (EN 12915–1:2009) for materials intended for water treatment (i.e. ash content, water leachable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and elements), as well as for specific surface area (SSA), using them as response variables of a multivariate partial least square multiple regression, whose results provided interesting insights on the relationships between pyrolysis conditions and biochar characteristics. Biochars produced with sludge and/or providing the highest SSA values (258–370 m2 g−1) were selected to undergo a sustainable chemical treatment using a by-product of the gasification of woody biomass, complying in all cases with European Standards and achieving therefore the end-of-waste status for sewage sludge. The biochar deriving from the highest percentage of sludge (30% by weight) and with the highest SSA (390 m2 g−1) was thermally activated achieving SSA of 460 m2 g−1 and then tested for the sorption of direct yellow 50 and methylene blue in ultrapure water and real wastewater, compared to a commercial activated carbon (AC). The biochar showed Langmuir sorption maxima (Qm) 2–9 times lower than AC, thus highlighting promising sorption performances. Qm for methylene blue in wastewater (28 mg‧g−1) was confirmed by column breakthrough experiments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar from co-pyrolysis of biological sludge and woody waste followed by chemical and thermal activation: end-of-waste procedure for sludge management and biochar sorption efficiency for anionic and cationic dyes

Bakari,

Fichera,

El Ghadraoui

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Studies have shown that the combination of immobilized enzymes and biochar can greatly improve the efficiency of micropollutant removal in CWs [29]. The porous structure of biochar can provide carriers for these immobilized enzymes, and the immobilized enzymes combined with biochar can greatly improve the removal efficiency of micropollutants [30]. For example, the fixation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with biochar promoted the removal of ibuprofen and diclofenac in CWs [31].…”

Section: Performance Enhancement With Biochar and Immobilized Microor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Effects of Biochar on Constructed Wetlands: Treatment Performance and Microorganisms

Yu,

Huang,

Chen

et al. 2023

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a kind of green environmental protection technology, which are widely used in sewage treatment. Traditional CWs are faced with the problem of a low treatment effect of high-concentration sewage. In recent years, biochar, as a new type of adsorption material, has been used in CWs because of its advantages of large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and wide material sources. This paper systematically summarized the characteristics of biochar and the preparation of biochar by studying the changes in microorganisms added to CWs and compared the effects of different treatment methods coupled with biochar on the treatment performance of CWs. The effects of biochar coupled with CWs on enzyme activity, functional genes, metabolites, and microbial communities were investigated. This review summarizes how different preparation methods affect the properties of biochar and how these biochar properties cause changes in the microorganisms added to CWs. It provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of pollutants in CWs.

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“…The effectiveness of N retention depends on a large buffer area and low runoff volume, while a small buffer area combined with a high runoff volume will considerably reduce the N removal efficiency (Vikman et al, 2010). A substrate composed of biochar has the potential to improve the N recovery efficiency since it can adsorb inorganic and organic pollutants (El Barkaoui et al, 2023). As such, the addition of biochar could be an effective method to control nutrient leaching (Cheng et al, 2022;Zheng et al, 2022).…”

Section: Biochar As a Water Protection Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar as a water protection tool in peatland forestry – nutrient recovery from runoff water

Kakaei Lafdani

2023

Diss. For.

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Water quality is significantly affected by the forest logging activities that are carried out in drained peatlands, which causes a notable enhancement in sediment loading and nutrient export to water bodies. Furthermore, the seasonal fluctuations in nutrient concentrations in the runoff further underscore the need for efficient water protection tools in peatland forestry. To address these issues, biochar-based adsorption methods can potentially offer an effective alternative for water protection in peatland forestry. The current thesis investigates the potential for adsorption-based nutrient recovery from clear-cut peatland runoff water using Norway spruce and Silver birch biochars. In particular, the aim is to i) study the adsorption characteristics in relation to biochar properties and nutrient compounds in runoff waters in a small-scale laboratory experiment (Paper I); ii) investigate the adsorption characteristics of nitrogen (N) compounds from runoff water in a meso-scale laboratory experiment that utilises biochar reactors (Paper II); and iii) investigate the dynamics of biochar adsorption and desorption under fluctuating total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in runoff water (Paper III). Biochar made from birch and spruce were shown to efficiently adsorb N compounds from the water. Across all experiments, the TN content declined significantly, irrespective of the scale, or whether the runoff volume ranged from litres (I and III) to hundreds of litres (II). Furthermore, the TN content at the beginning of the experiment declined at the fastest rate. The results indicate that cases of relatively low adsorption capacity were attributed to the low initial TN concentrations in the water. In addition, TN adsorption occurs above a threshold concentration in natural runoff water. The spruce did not adsorb TN when the concentrations in the runoff water fell below 0.4 mg L-1. In this thesis, biochar emerges as a compelling water protection solution, particularly in regions where clear-cut peatlands release substantial quantities of nutrients.

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A critical review on using biochar as constructed wetland substrate: Characteristics, feedstock, design and pollutants removal mechanisms

Cited by 28 publications

References 162 publications

Biochar from co-pyrolysis of biological sludge and woody waste followed by chemical and thermal activation: end-of-waste procedure for sludge management and biochar sorption efficiency for anionic and cationic dyes

Biochar from co-pyrolysis of biological sludge and woody waste followed by chemical and thermal activation: end-of-waste procedure for sludge management and biochar sorption efficiency for anionic and cationic dyes

Recent Advances in the Effects of Biochar on Constructed Wetlands: Treatment Performance and Microorganisms

Biochar as a water protection tool in peatland forestry – nutrient recovery from runoff water

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