A cross-national study on the multidimensional characteristics of the five-item psychological demands scale of the job content questionnaire

Choi, Bong Kyoo; Kawakami, Norito; Chang, Sei-Jin; Koh, Sang Baek; Bjørner, JB; Punnett, Laura; Karasek, Robert

doi:10.1080/10705500801929742

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Tests for differential item functioning have applied in testing cross-language adaptations [23] and construct validity [24] of different occupational health questionnaires. In particular, DIF analyses have been used to evaluate scales from COPSOQ I [11] and in the development of COPSOQ II [3] as well as other scales [12,24]. The current paper extends upon this work by including tests for more variables -in particular a test for DIE with regard to important outcome variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluating construct validity of the second version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire through analysis of differential item functioning and differential item effect

Bjørner

Pejtersen

2009

Scand J Public Health

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Aims: To evaluate the construct validity of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ II) by means of tests for differential item functioning (DIF) and differential item effect (DIE). Methods: We used a Danish general population postal survey (n ¼ 4,732 with 3,517 wage earners) with a one-year register based follow up for long-term sickness absence. DIF was evaluated against age, gender, education, social class, public/private sector employment, and job type using ordinal logistic regression. DIE was evaluated against job satisfaction and self-rated health (using ordinal logistic regression), against depressive symptoms, burnout, and stress (using multiple linear regression), and against long-term sick leave (using a proportional hazards model). We used a cross-validation approach to counter the risk of significant results due to multiple testing. Results: Out of 1,052 tests, we found 599 significant instances of DIF/DIE, 69 of which showed both practical and statistical significance across two independent samples. Most DIF occurred for job type (in 20 cases), while we found little DIF for age, gender, education, social class and sector. DIE seemed to pertain to particular items, which showed DIE in the same direction for several outcome variables. Discussion: The results allowed a preliminary identification of items that have a positive impact on construct validity and items that have negative impact on construct validity. These results can be used to develop better shortform measures and to improve the conceptual framework, items and scales of the COPSOQ II. Conclusions: We conclude that tests of DIF and DIE are useful for evaluating construct validity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluating construct validity of the second version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire through analysis of differential item functioning and differential item effect

Bjørner

Pejtersen

2009

Scand J Public Health

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“…In the JCQ, the job-control scale includes two sub-components: decision authority (three items) and skill discretion (six items); the workplace social support dimension also contains two sub-components: supervisor support (four items) and coworker support (four items). Karasek's job-strain model has been widely used in job-stress research, often with strongly reliable, valid, and reproducible results 13,22) . The construct validity has been reported that the four factors extracted by the principal factor analysis (PCA) corresponded very closely to the theoretical constructs in the C-JCQ 13,22) .…”

Section: Chinese Version Of Job Content Questionnaire (C-jcq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Karasek's job-strain model has been widely used in job-stress research, often with strongly reliable, valid, and reproducible results 13,22) . The construct validity has been reported that the four factors extracted by the principal factor analysis (PCA) corresponded very closely to the theoretical constructs in the C-JCQ 13,22) . In our study, Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the work demands subscale was 0.71, while that for the job control and workplace social support subscale was 0.69 and 0.81, respectively; there were no significant differences in reliability between genders.…”

Section: Chinese Version Of Job Content Questionnaire (C-jcq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides job strain, Karasek's model also postulates that "high work demands, high job control" situations will enhance workers' active learning and lead to a greater internal locus of control. This model has been a centerpiece of current jobstress research, and there has been a growing number of studies that examine depression among employees by deferring to the demands-control-support model 13,14) ; more specifically, there has also been such research into physicians 15,16) . However, until now, little research has been done on the association between occupational stress and depression among physicians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active Job, Healthy Job? Occupational Stress and Depression among Hospital Physicians in Taiwan

et al. 2011

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Adverse mental health conditions among physiciansincluding stress, burnout, and depression-can result in errors in professional conduct and interfere with the quality of healthcare provision [1][2][3] . Physicians are usually exposed to high levels of occupational stress resulting from heavy workloads and high levels of time pressure, and those in certain employment positions or specialties are at higher risk of suffering from depression disorders than the general population 4,5) . High occupational stress and depression within physicians can even lead to higher suicide ideation or suicide rates 6,7) .Among various risk factors in the work environment, job stress is central to workers' daily lives; its asso- Abstract: This study assessed the levels and association of occupational stress and depression rate among physicians, and to compare physicians' occupational stress with that of Taiwanese employees in other occupations. The subjects were physicians employed at 14 participating regional hospitals in the Around Taiwan Health Care Alliance. Self-administered questionnaires capturing data on demographics, occupational characteristics, occupational stress measured using Job Content Questionnaire (C-JCQ), and health status measured using Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ) were sent to eligible physicians. Results revealed that the depression rate (13.3%) was higher than that found in the general population (3.7%) of Taiwan. The mean scores of the JCQ dimensions "work demands" and "job control" were both much higher than those in most occupations in Taiwan. Higher depression scores were found in subjects with higher work demands, 8-10 d of being on duty per month, and more frequent alcohol consumption, while lower depression scores were found in subjects working in the east Taiwan area, with higher job control and with greater workplace social support. On the other hand, gender, smoking, and working hour were not independently correlated with depression, but the interaction of gender and job control also had an independent effect on depression. This study suggests that job stress plays an important role in depression in physicians; it is necessary to pay attention to physicians at high risk of depression, as well as their work environments, for early detection and intervention.

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“…In fact, the median of the job control scores with the JCQ was less than the one with the DCQ. In a similar way, the standard JCQ scale scoring method for the job demands is designed to equally balance the 2 sub-components of the job demands (J10-J11 and J12-J14) [45,46] so the 1st component (J10-J11) is given relatively more weight than the 2nd component (J12-J14), while the standard DCQ scoring method for job demands lacks such a balancing procedure. Karasek et al [9] reported a notable difference in the response distributions of 1 item of psychological job demands (JQ12 in the JCQ; and DQ9 in the DCQ) between the 2 questionnaires in the Swedish (Malmö) population sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity test of the IPD-Work consortium approach for creating comparable job strain groups between Job Content Questionnaire and Demand-Control Questionnaire

Choi¹,

Ko²,

Östergren³

2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives: This study aims to test the validity of the IPD-Work Consortium approach for creating comparable job strain groups between the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and the Demand-Control Questionnaire (DCQ). Material and Methods: A random population sample (N = 682) of all middle-aged Malmö males and females was given a questionnaire with the 14-item JCQ and 11-item DCQ for the job control and job demands. The JCQ job control and job demands scores were calculated in 3 different ways: using the 14-item JCQ standard scale formulas (method 1); dropping 3 job control items and using the 11-item JCQ standard scale formulas with additional scale weights (method 2); and the approach of the IPD Group (method 3), dropping 3 job control items, but using the simple 11-item summation-based scale formulas. The high job strain was defined as a combination of high demands and low control. Results: Between the 2 questionnaires, false negatives for the high job strain were much greater than false positives (37-49% vs. 7-13%). When the method 3 was applied, the sensitivity of the JCQ for the high job strain against the DCQ was lowest (0.51 vs. 0.60-0.63 when the methods 1 and 2 were applied), although the specificity was highest (0.93 vs. 0.87-0.89 when the methods 1 and 2 were applied). The prevalence of the high job strain with the JCQ (the method 3 was applied) was considerably lower (4-7%) than with the JCQ (the methods 1 and 2 were applied) and the DCQ. The number of congruent cases for the high job strain between the 2 questionnaires was smallest when the method 3 was applied. Conclusions: The IPD-Work Consortium approach showed 2 major weaknesses to be used for epidemiological studies on the high job strain and health outcomes as compared to the standard JCQ methods: the greater misclassification of the high job strain and lower prevalence of the high job strain.

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A cross-national study on the multidimensional characteristics of the five-item psychological demands scale of the job content questionnaire

Abstract: The multidimensionality of the psychological demands scale should be considered in psychometric analysis and interpretation, occupational epidemiologic studies, and future scale extension.

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Evaluating construct validity of the second version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire through analysis of differential item functioning and differential item effect

Evaluating construct validity of the second version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire through analysis of differential item functioning and differential item effect

Active Job, Healthy Job? Occupational Stress and Depression among Hospital Physicians in Taiwan

Validity test of the IPD-Work consortium approach for creating comparable job strain groups between Job Content Questionnaire and Demand-Control Questionnaire

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