A cross sectional study of salt content in bakery bread in Zagreb, Croatia

Aždajić, Marija Delaš; Delaš, Ivančica; Aždajić, Stjepan; Grbić, Danijela Štimac; Vahčić, Nada

doi:10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3277

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Concerning the fact that the current male adolescents have consistently higher levels of physical activity and sport participation, as well as lower levels of sedentary time [57], a rational explanation might be that the higher dietary intake in the current male population [58] combined with generally poorer nutrition habits in Croatian young men [59] may have led to the greater overweight and obesity prevalence. In addition, the traditionally spicy food and increased salt intake in the Croatian population [59][60][61][62] and high prevalence of elevated BMI could have likely influenced the proportion of urban young males with elevated blood pressure [60,63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Key Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Urban Adolescents: The CRO-PALS Study

Radman

Sorić

Mišıgoj-Duraković

2020

IJERPH

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The occurrence of chronic diseases in youth has become a serious global issue requiring early prevention. Due to the specific environment in large cities, urban youth are especially exposed to risky lifestyle patterns. Objective: This survey aimed to determine the prevalence of key modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in the adolescent population of the Croatian capital Zagreb. Methods: A clustered two-stage random sample design was employed to select a representative group of 903 adolescents (girls n = 444; boys n = 459; age 15.6 ± 0.4) starting their secondary education. Participants were invited to fulfil an electronic questionnaire meant to collect data on daily physical activity, screen time and tobacco use. In addition, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken by medically trained personnel. Data that were not originally categorical were dichotomized based on internationally accepted cut-off values for each risk factor, summarized for females and males, and presented as percentages and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The outcomes suggest that that more than one half did not meet the recommended daily physical activity (girls 59.4%; boys 45.5%), while about one quarter exceeded 2 h of screen time per day and had high blood pressure (girls 26.6% and 21.6%; boys 27.0% and 27.0%, respectively). Moreover, the results indicated nearly one fifth of adolescents had excess weight (girls 16.1%; boys 22.2%) and a similar proportion smoked tobacco (girls 20.8%; boys 17.0%). Conclusions: Local and regional health stakeholders should make additional efforts to promote healthy lifestyles in urban teenagers. Special emphasis should be placed on promoting physical activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Key Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Urban Adolescents: The CRO-PALS Study

Radman

Sorić

Mišıgoj-Duraković

2020

IJERPH

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“…The average salt content was higher than the Croatian National Regulation on Cereals and Cereal Products (1.4%). The recommendation of the study was that to teach bakers in reducing salt content and to continuously monitor and implement legal provisions (Aždajic, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt content of processed food products available in Dh. Kudahuvadhoo, Maldives

MUNEER,

ZOONA,

NAILA

2020

MNJR

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ome of the processed food are junk food which are unhealthy when consumed in excess amount. Commonly used junk food include fast food, chips, candy, gum, sweets, desserts as well as fizzy drinks. These food types consist of salt, sugar, fat and are high in calories. Junk food are easy to make and are easily accessible for consumption making this the main reason people use junk food even though it is not healthy. Consumption of salty junk food regularly increases the amount of salt intake which is undesirable for a healthy life. High amount of salt intake increases blood pressure and other adverse effect to health. A market survey at Dh. Kudahuvadhoo grocery shops (5 shops) was conducted. A convenient sampling was used to collect 30 processed food products. Nutritional values of these products were recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. The salt levels in the products were compared to that of WHO recommended level of salt (< 5g/day). The highest amount of salt among the 30 items was found in Amexicana flour tortillas (2.6g salts per 100g). Cotton candy had zero amount of salt. The mean value of salt in the 30 types of food products was 0.324 g. The salt content processed food products varied, by types, production company, and the country of the production. Although the amount of salt was less than the WHO recommendation level in the selected junk food, daily meals, and intake in high quantity may lead to exceed the WHO recommended level of salt intake.

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“…In contrast, study of the Faculty of Food Technology has shown that a significant number of small bakeries still do not comply with the regulations. Bread from large shopping centers, which is usually imported as a frozen form from other countries, which is not subject to the regulation, also contained a high content of salt [66]. 4) The success of the project implementation was analyzed by determining the urine salt excretion in 2008 and 2015.…”

Section: Action Plan For Salt Reduction In Croatia Ministry Of Health...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Croatian Action on Salt and Health (CRASH): On the Road to Success. Less Salt, More Health

Jelaković,

Marinović Glavić,

Batinić Sermek

et al. 2024

Preprint

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World Health Organization recommends adjusting the salt intake as a part of the nine global targets to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable chronic diseases as priority and most cost-effective intervention. In 2006. the main aim of the Croatian Action on Salt and Health was to decrease salt intake for 16% because of its critical intake and consequences on human health. We have organized educative activities for increasing awareness on salt harmfulness, defined food categories of prime interest, collaborate with industries and determine salt intake (24h urine-sodium excretion). It was determined that the proportion of salt in ready-to-eat baked bread should not exceed 1.4%. In the period 2014 –2022, salt in the semi-white bread was reduced 14%, in bakery 22% and in largest meat industry in Croatia 25%. Awareness of the harmfulness of salt on health increased from 65.3% in 2008 to 96.9% in 2023 and salt intake was reduced 15.9%-1.8 grams/day (22.8% men, 11.7% women). In last 18 years a significant decrease in salt intake was achieved in Croatia, awareness of its harmfulness increased, collaboration with food industry established and regulatory documents launched. However, salt intake is still very high underlying the need for continuation of efforts and even stronger activities.

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A cross sectional study of salt content in bakery bread in Zagreb, Croatia

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence of Key Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Urban Adolescents: The CRO-PALS Study

Prevalence of Key Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Urban Adolescents: The CRO-PALS Study

Salt content of processed food products available in Dh. Kudahuvadhoo, Maldives

Croatian Action on Salt and Health (CRASH): On the Road to Success. Less Salt, More Health

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