“…The results indicated that females, older adults (>40 years), and expatriates of Asian and Arabic ethnicities were more likely to report using DDS to prevent or treat COVID-19. The positive association between older age and the use of DDS aligns with findings in the literature from the UAE ( Rosalia et al, 2017 ) and elsewhere ( Bogale et al, 2018 , Kofoed et al, 2015 ). Previous studies have similarly noted sex disparities in DDS use in the UAE ( Alomar et al, 2019 ), and elsewhere ( Alqrache et al, 2021 , Kofoed et al, 2015 , Pouchieu et al, 2013 ), whereby women were shown to use DDS more than men, though some other studies reported contradictory findings ( Abdullah Alotiby and Naif Al-Harbi, 2021 , Radwan et al, 2019 ).…”