A Current Approach to Mean Temperature Trends and Relationships With Teleconnection Patterns in California (U.S.)

Abstract

The aim of this research is to expand our knowledge of space-time evolution of mean temperatures at a regional level, for the whole California (United States) over 40 years. This study analyses the relationship between mean temperatures and teleconnection patterns with most influence on the Californian Climate. 170 meteorological stations were used with an observation period that ranged from 1980 to 2019. In order to evaluate the presence or absence of trends, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used. The slope was obtained with a modified Sen’s slope method. The homogeneity of the data from the selected stations was verified. To find out the relationships between temperature and a wide range of teleconnection patterns in California was performed a correlation analysis using the partial non-parametric Spearman Test at a 95% confidence level. Spatial analysis was achieved using Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK). During this period, the results show a positive and significant trend annually, monthly and seasonally. Both Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and West Pacific Oscillation (WPO) are related to temperatures in California State during the period studied.