A Current Perspective of Schistosomiasis in Association with Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Abdalkareem, Eshtiyag Abdalla; Yin, Khoo Boon

doi:10.2174/1874279301911010007

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Additional studies should be conducted in the future to provide stronger evidence for the validation of the hypothesis of the present study. To the best of our knowledge, Schistosomiasis attracts little attention and support worldwide owing to the geographical barriers and certain political issues ( 33 ). The disease may also be considered as unimportant as it primarily occurs in individuals living in poor, rural communities and in endemic regions ( 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, Schistosomiasis attracts little attention and support worldwide owing to the geographical barriers and certain political issues ( 33 ). The disease may also be considered as unimportant as it primarily occurs in individuals living in poor, rural communities and in endemic regions ( 33 ). Moreover, current studies focus mainly on pandemic issues rather than neglected diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IFN‑γ and IL‑18 in conditioned media of parasite‑infected host and IL‑21‑silenced colorectal cancer cells

Ong

Abdalkareem

et al. 2020

Exp Ther Med

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The presence of certain soluble factors may provide a possible selective advantage for a parasite to gradually modify cell proliferation in neighbouring cells, which may result in chronic diseases. These soluble factors present in the conditioned medium also allow the parasite to invade rapidly into more host cells. The present study aimed to determine the levels of a group of type 1 T helper (Th1) cytokines in the conditioned media of host cells infected with parasites and in IL-21-silenced colorectal cancer cells. The conditioned media of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) parasitized with the RH and ME49 strains of Toxoplasma gondii for 10 days were prepared, and subsequently the levels of the Th1 cytokines in the conditioned media were determined by ELISA. HFFs were incubated with the growth media containing selected soluble factors, and cell proliferation markers were subsequently analysed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The mRNA expression level of cell proliferation markers was also examined in IL-21-silenced HCT116 cells, where the levels of soluble factors in the conditioned media were also determined as aforementioned. The results of the present study demonstrated that HFFs parasitized with ME49 released elevated levels of IFN-γ and lower levels of IL-18 into the conditioned medium compared with the controls. These phenomena were not observed in the conditioned medium of HFFs parasitized with RH. Similar levels of these soluble factors were also detected in the conditioned medium of IL-21-silenced HCT116 cells. The results of the present study also revealed that Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen mRNA expression was altered in host cells incubated with various levels of IFN-γ and IL-18, as well as in IL-21-silenced HCT116 cells compared with the respective controls. In conclusion, the current study provided preliminary evidence on the fundamental molecular mechanisms of host-parasite interactions that result in chronic diseases, which may aid in the treatment of these diseases in the relevant endemic regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IFN‑γ and IL‑18 in conditioned media of parasite‑infected host and IL‑21‑silenced colorectal cancer cells

Ong

Abdalkareem

et al. 2020

Exp Ther Med

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“…A correlation between the tumor macroenvironment and the incidence of cancer has been reported. Pathologically and epidemiologically, the correlation patterns differ according to the type of carcinoma [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. In diabetes, insulinemia and hyperglycemia are induced, initiating carcinogenesis.…”

Section: Integrated Interpretation: Tissue Specificity and Environmen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Drug Development and Clinical Trial Design by Applying Genomic Information Management

Gim

2022

Pharmaceutics

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Depending on the patients’ genotype, the same drug may have different efficacies or side effects. With the cost of genomic analysis decreasing and reliability of analysis methods improving, vast amount of genomic information has been made available. Several studies in pharmacology have been based on genomic information to select the optimal drug, determine the dose, predict efficacy, and prevent side effects. This paper reviews the tissue specificity and genomic information of cancer. If the tissue specificity of cancer is low, cancer is induced in various organs based on a single gene mutation. Basket trials can be performed for carcinomas with low tissue specificity, confirming the efficacy of one drug for a single gene mutation in various carcinomas. Conversely, if the tissue specificity of cancer is high, cancer is induced in only one organ based on a single gene mutation. An umbrella trial can be performed for carcinomas with a high tissue specificity. Some drugs are effective for patients with a specific genotype. A companion diagnostic strategy that prescribes a specific drug for patients selected with a specific genotype is also reviewed. Genomic information is used in pharmacometrics to identify the relationship among pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and biomarkers of disease treatment effects. Utilizing genomic information, sophisticated clinical trials can be designed that will be better suited to the patients of specific genotypes. Genomic information also provides prospects for innovative drug development. Through proper genomic information management, factors relating to drug response and effects can be determined by selecting the appropriate data for analysis and by understanding the structure of the data. Selecting pre-processing and appropriate machine-learning libraries for use as machine-learning input features is also necessary. Professional curation of the output result is also required. Personalized medicine can be realized using a genome-based customized clinical trial design.

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Parasites

Azzouni¹,

Matar²,

Galal³

et al. 2022

Holland‐Frei Cancer Medicine

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Overview Several parasites were investigated for a possible role in oncogenesis. Among the well‐known parasitic infections, Schistosoma haematobium was proved to play an important role in developing urinary bladder cancer. Moreover, Schistosoma japonicum is classified as a colorectal carcinogen especially in the Far East. Other class of parasites, such as helminths Clonorchis and Opisthorchis are proved to induce hepatobiliary cancer. In Africa, a strong correlation between Ebstein‐Barr virus infection and Burkitt lymphoma is present, with an evident enhancing role for Plasmodium falciparum . Chronic inflammation was incriminated to be the most accepted mechanism for parasite‐induced cancer; however, the roles of certain carcinogens, oncogenes, DNA mutations, and others were all approved as mechanisms enhancing carcinogenesis in parasitic infections. Strikingly, despite the above‐mentioned data, it seemed that certain parasites could modulate the host immune response in a manner that would lead to cancer regression or prevention. This is in the prospect of revaluation of the clinical importance of infectious agents; an issue that requires future concern.

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A Current Perspective of Schistosomiasis in Association with Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

IFN‑γ and IL‑18 in conditioned media of parasite‑infected host and IL‑21‑silenced colorectal cancer cells

IFN‑γ and IL‑18 in conditioned media of parasite‑infected host and IL‑21‑silenced colorectal cancer cells

New Drug Development and Clinical Trial Design by Applying Genomic Information Management

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