A Current Review of Cypermethrin-Induced Neurotoxicity and Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration

Singh, Anand Kumar; Tiwari, Manindra Nath; Prakash, Om; Singh, Mahendra Pratap

doi:10.2174/157015912799362779

Cited by 144 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…However, in the groups exposed to relatively lower dose deltamethrin (0.54, 1.35, and 2.7 mg/kg), the expressions of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B were no significantly different from that in the control group. These results are in accordance with previous studies which indicated that pyrethroid-induced neurotoxicity depends on the dose of exposure ( Singh et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prenatal Deltamethrin Exposure-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Offspring Is Ameliorated by Memantine Through NMDAR/BDNF Signaling in Hippocampus

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2018

Front. Neurosci.

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Background: Pyrethroids have been widely used in residential and agricultural areas. However, little is known about the effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on cognition in early development of offspring. In this study, the effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on learning and memory abilities, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptor, and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) in the hippocampus of offspring rats were investigated.Experimental Approaches: Groups each of six female SD rats, as F0-generation, were administered with deltamethrin (0, 0.54, 1.35, and 2.7, 9 mg/kg), or memantine (10 mg/kg), or co-administered with deltamethrin (9 mg/kg) and memantine (10 mg/kg) daily by gavage during pregnancy. The learning and memory ability was evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) task on postnatal day 21. The expression of NMDAR (GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B), BDNF, pTrkB/TrkB, and pCREB/CREB in hippocampus were assessed with western blotting.Results: Prenatal exposure to a relatively low dose of deltamethrin (2.7, 1.35, and 0.54 mg/kg) had no impact on learning and memory abilities or the expression of NMDAR, BDNF, pTrkB, and pCREB in the hippocampus of the exposed offspring. The group treated with 9 mg/kg deltamethrin showed impaired cognitive abilities and decreased expression levels of GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, BDNF, pCREB/CREB, and pTrkB/TrkB in the hippocampus. However, the declined cognitive ability were ameliorated by memantine treatment with increased GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, BDNF, pCREB/CREB, and pTrkB/TrkB expression in the hippocampus.Conclusion and Implications: Prenatal exposure to a relatively high does of deltamethrin (9 mg/kg) alters cognition in offsprings and that this cognitive dysfunction can be ameliorated by memantine treatment. Moreover, NMDAR/BDNF signaling may be associated with the effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on cognitive ability in offspring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prenatal Deltamethrin Exposure-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Offspring Is Ameliorated by Memantine Through NMDAR/BDNF Signaling in Hippocampus

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2018

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Type II pyrethroids cause salivation, the choreoathetosis-salivation syndrome (CS) and motor dysfunction in mammals. In addition to their effects on sodium channels, these compounds are known to affect chloride channels, including GABA-dependent ones [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Research on the Safety of Pyrethroids Used as Insecticides

et al. 2018

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Pyrethroids are synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins extracted from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. They are 2250 times more toxic to insects than to vertebrates due to insects’ smaller size, lower body temperature and more sensitive sodium channels. In particular, three pyrethroid compounds, namely deltamethrin, permethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin, are commonly used as insecticides and are recommended for in-home insect control because they are considered to be relatively non-toxic to humans in all stages of life. However, recent data show that they are not completely harmless to human health as they may enter the body through skin contact, by inhalation and food or water, and absorption level depending on the type of food. Permethrin seems to have an adverse effect on fertility, the immune system, cardiovascular and hepatic metabolism as well as enzymatic activity. Deltamethrin induces inflammation, nephro- and hepatotoxicity and influences the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tissues. Alpha-cypermethrin may impair immunity and act to increase glucose and lipid levels in blood. The aim of the review is to provide comprehensive information on potential hazards associated to human exposure to deltamethrin, permethrin and alpha-cypermethrin. The results of presented studies prove that the insecticides must be used with great caution.

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“…PYs are also detectable in milk for over 15 days after a single exposure [8]. Cypermethrin, the ligand that showed the highest affinity to BLG in our screen, is known to cross the blood-brain barrier, causing neurotoxicity and motor deficits in mammalian model organisms [31]. Thus, it is important to evaluate the possibility of chronic pyrethroid exposure due to their bioaccumulation in food sources such as cow's milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Docking and Molecular Dynamics Predictions of Pesticide Binding to the Calyx of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin

Cortés-Hernández

Nuñez

Domínguez-Ramírez

2020

IJMS

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Pesticides are used extensively in agriculture, and their residues in food must be monitored to prevent toxicity. The most abundant protein in cow’s milk, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), shows high affinity for diverse hydrophobic ligands in its central binding pocket, called the calyx. Several of the most frequently used pesticides are hydrophobic. To predict if BLG may be an unintended carrier for pesticides, we tested its ability to bind 555 pesticides and their isomers, for a total of 889 compounds, in a rigid docking screen. We focused on the analysis of 60 unique molecules belonging to the five pesticide classes defined by the World Health Organization, that docked into BLG’s calyx with ΔGs ranging from −8.2 to −12 kcal mol−1, chosen by statistical criteria. These “potential ligands” were further analyzed using molecular dynamic simulations, and the binding energies were explored with Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born/Surface Area (MMGBSA). Hydrophobic pyrethroid insecticides, like cypermethrin, were found to bind as deeply and tightly into the calyx as BLG’s natural ligand, palmitate; while polar compounds, like paraquat, were expelled. Our results suggest that BLG could be a carrier for pesticides, in particular for pyrethroid insecticides, allowing for their accumulation in cow’s milk beyond their solubility restrictions. This analysis opens possibilities for pesticide biosensor design based on BLG.

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A Current Review of Cypermethrin-Induced Neurotoxicity and Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration

Cited by 144 publications

References 64 publications

Prenatal Deltamethrin Exposure-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Offspring Is Ameliorated by Memantine Through NMDAR/BDNF Signaling in Hippocampus

Prenatal Deltamethrin Exposure-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Offspring Is Ameliorated by Memantine Through NMDAR/BDNF Signaling in Hippocampus

Current Research on the Safety of Pyrethroids Used as Insecticides

Docking and Molecular Dynamics Predictions of Pesticide Binding to the Calyx of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin

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