A cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic study of the insular cortex of the bull, Bos taurus

Russo, Domenico; Paparcone, Rosa; Genovese, A.

doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2007.10.015

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The insular cortex of the two artiodactyls we examined, pigmy hippopotamus and Western bongo, is completely agranular, similarly to what was reported in the bull by Russo et al (2008). Agranularity in the complete rostrocaudal extent of the insular cortex was also observed in the sirenian Florida manatee, and in a mysticete, the minke whale, in agreement with previous descriptions in other cetaceans such as the bottlenose dolphin and the humpback whale (Jacobs et al 1984;Manger et al 1998;Hof and Van der Gucht 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…6 and 7, respectively. The insula of the pigmy hippopotamus and Western bongo presents only a partial infolding, similar to previous descriptions in another artiodactyl, the bull, by Russo et al (2008). It consists, in both species, of two main gyri.…”

Section: Artiodactylssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Scale bar 30 lm (a, b, d, e); 50 lm (c) pressures that shaped different organizational schemes. Cetaceans are fully adapted to aquatic life, they possess the largest brains in absolute size and show an extreme degree of gyral complexity (Morgane et al 1980;Marino 1998, Marino 2008Marino et al 2004Marino et al , 2007Hof and Van der Gucht 2007;Oelschläger and Oelschläger 2008); the pigmy hippopotamus is a semiaquatic mammal and the closest relative of cetaceans (Gatesy 1997;Boisserie et al 2005;Agnarsson and May-Collado 2008); the Western bongo is a terrestrial artiodactyl, which represents a good comparison for the pigmy hippopotamus and for the previously described insula cytoarchitecture in the bull (Russo et al 2008) and sheep (Rose 1942); the Atlantic walrus is a large, mostly aquatic, carnivore mammal that has a relatively large brain (Marino 2008); and the Florida manatee is a large aquatic herbivore, closely related to elephants, that presents a unique condition of lissencephaly in a large brain (Reep and O'Shea 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, an additional field that has a distinct cytoarchitecture lies at the junction between the anterior insula (AI) and the caudal portion of the frontopolar cortex, which may correspond to the human FI . Finally, the insular cortex of artiodactyls is entirely agranular, with a number of subregions along the rostrocaudal extent of the sylvian gyrus in the bull (Russo et al 2008). A dorsoanterior granular and a ventral agranular fields have been described in the sheep (Rose 1942).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Early anatomists provided descriptions of the cytoarchitecture of the insula of rarely studied species of rodents (red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris; rabbit, Lepus cuniculus; Rose 1928), chiropterans (parti-colored bat or rearmouse, Vespertilius murinus; Rose 1928), insectivores (European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus; Rose 1928), primates (ring-tailed lemur, Lemur catta; Hamadryas baboon, Papio cynocephalus hamadryas; Rose 1928), and artiodactyls (sheep, Ovis aries; Rose 1942), as well as gross anatomical descriptions of the insula of cetaceans (bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus; common porpoise, Phocoena phocoena; Langworthy 1932; Ries and Langworthy 1937; see also Morgane et al 1980). Modern cytoarchitectural studies of the cellular and laminar organization of the insular cortex include the dog (Canis lupus familiaris; Salazar et al 1988), the bottlenose dolphin (Jacobs et al 1984;Manger et al 1998), the humpback whale Russo et al 2008). Altogether, these studies show a remarkable variability in shape, extent, complexity of the gyral and sulcal patterns, and degree of infolding of the insular cortex among mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The insular cortex: a comparative perspective

2010

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The human insular cortex is involved in a variety of viscerosensory, visceromotor, and interoceptive functions, and plays a role in complex processes such as emotions, music, and language. Across mammals, the insula has considerable morphologic variability. We review the structure and connectivity of the insula in laboratory animals (mouse, domestic cat, macaque monkey), and we present original data on the morphology and cytoarchitecture of insular cortex in less common species including a large carnivore (the Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus), two artiodactyls (the pigmy hippopotamus, Hexaprotodon liberiensis, and the Western bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus), two cetaceans (the beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, and the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata), and a sirenian (the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris). The insula shows substantial variability in shape, extent, and gyral and sulcal patterns, as well as differences in laminar organization, cellular specialization, and structural association with the claustrum. Our observations reveal that the insular cortex is extremely variable among mammals. These differences could be related to the role exerted by specific and selective pressures on cortical structure during evolution. We conclude that it is not possible to identify a general model of organization for the mammalian insular cortex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Artiodactylssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The insular cortex: a comparative perspective

2010

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A volumetric comparison of the insular cortex and its subregions in primates

Bauernfeind

Sousa

Avasthi

et al. 2013

Journal of Human Evolution

117

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The neuronal composition of the insula in primates displays a gradient, transitioning from granular neocortex in the posterior-dorsal insula to agranular neocortex in the anterior-ventral insula with an intermediate zone of dysgranularity. Additionally, apes and humans exhibit a distinctive subdomain in the agranular insula, the frontoinsular cortex (FI), defined by the presence of clusters of von Economo neurons (VENs). Studies in humans indicate that the ventral anterior insula, including agranular insular cortex and FI, is involved in social awareness, and that the posterodorsal insula, including granular and dysgranular cortices, produces an internal representation of the body’s homeostatic state. We examined the volumes of these cytoarchitectural areas of insular cortex in 30 primate species, including the volume of FI in apes and humans. Results indicate that the whole insula scales hyperallometrically (exponent = 1.13) relative to total brain mass, and the agranular insula (including FI) scales against total brain mass with even greater positive allometry (exponent = 1.23), providing a potential neural basis for enhancement of social cognition in association with increased brain size. The relative volumes of the subdivisions of the insular cortex, after controlling for total brain volume, are not correlated with species typical social group size. Although its size is predicted by primate-wide allometric scaling patterns, we found that the absolute volume of the left and right agranular insula and left FI are among the most differentially expanded of the human cerebral cortex compared to our closest living relative, the chimpanzee.

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The posterior insular-opercular region and the search of a primary cortex for pain

Garcia-Larrea

2012

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

129

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To be considered specific for nociception, a cortical region should: (a) have plausible connections with ascending nociceptive pathways; (b) be activated by noxious stimuli; (c) trigger nociceptive sensations if directly stimulated; and (d) tone down nociception when injured. In addition, lesions in this area should have a potential to develop neuropathic pain, as is the case of all lesions in nociceptive pathways. The single cortical region approaching these requirements in humans encompasses the suprasylvian posterior insula and its adjoining medial operculum (referred to as "PIMO" in this review). This region does not contain, however, solely nociceptive networks, but represents in primates the main sensory receiving area of the spinothalamic system, and as such contributes to the processing of thermo-sensory, nociceptive, C-fibre tactile, and visceral input. Nociception (and, a fortiori, pain) should therefore not be considered as a separate sensory modality, like vision or audition, but rather as one component of a global system subtending the most primitive forms of somatosensation. Although a clear functional segregation of PIMO sub-areas has not yet been achieved, some preferential distribution has been described in humans: pain-related networks appear preferentially distributed within the posterior insula, and non-noxious thermal processing in the adjacent medial operculum. Thus, spinothalamic sub-modalities may be partially segregated in the PIMO, in analogy with the separate representation of dorsal column input from joint, muscle spindle and tactile afferents in S1. Specificity, however, may not wholly depend on ascending 'labelled lines' but also on cortical network properties driven by intrinsic and extrinsic circuitry. Given its particular anatomo-functional properties, thalamic connections, and tight relations with limbic and multisensory cortices, the PIMO region deserves to be considered as a third somatosensory region (S3) devoted to the processing of spinothalamic inputs.

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A cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic study of the insular cortex of the bull, Bos taurus

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

The insular cortex: a comparative perspective

The insular cortex: a comparative perspective

A volumetric comparison of the insular cortex and its subregions in primates

The posterior insular-opercular region and the search of a primary cortex for pain

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