A dark–light transition triggers expression of the floral promoter CrFTL1 and downregulates CONSTANS-like genes in a short-day plant Chenopodium rubrum

Drabešová, Jana; Cháb, David; Kolář, Jan; Štorchová, Helena

doi:10.1093/jxb/eru073

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…No orthologues of CO, but six orthologues of CONSTANS-like (COL), were identified. Similarly, COL genes have been identified in two related species: B. vulgaris and C. rubrum (Chia et al 2008;Drabešová et al 2014). In the current analysis, counterparts of the B. vulgaris and C. rubrum and orthologues of COL2 (BvCOL1, CrCOL1 and CrCOL2) and COL4 (BvCOL2), as well as COL5 and BvCOL3, were found.…”

Section: Photoperiod and Circadian Clock Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the current analysis, counterparts of the B. vulgaris and C. rubrum and orthologues of COL2 (BvCOL1, CrCOL1 and CrCOL2) and COL4 (BvCOL2), as well as COL5 and BvCOL3, were found. In C. rubrum, a short-day plant, CrCOL1 and CrCOL2 play a role in the regulation of the circadian clock and are downregulated during the dark-light transition together with FLOWERING LOCUS T (CrFT1) (Drabešová et al 2014). The orthologues found in quinoa may play similar roles, but their expression patterns and roles need to be confirmed by further experiments.…”

Section: Photoperiod and Circadian Clock Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the quinoa genome reveals conservation and divergence of the flowering pathways

Golicz

Steinfort

Arya

et al. 2019

Funct Integr Genomics

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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a grain crop grown in the Andes renowned as a highly nutritious plant exhibiting tolerance to abiotic stress such as drought, cold and high salinity. Quinoa grows across a range of latitudes corresponding to differing day lengths, suggesting regional adaptations of flowering regulation. Improved understanding and subsequent modification of the flowering process, including flowering time, ensuring high yields, is one of the key factors behind expansion of cultivation zones and goals of the crop improvement programs worldwide. However, our understanding of the molecular basis of flower initiation and development in quinoa is limited. Here, we use a computational approach to perform genome-wide identification and analysis of 611 orthologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes. Conservation of the genes belonging to the photoperiod, gibberellin and autonomous pathways was observed, while orthologues of the key genes found in the vernalisation pathway (FRI, FLC) were absent from the quinoa genome. Our analysis indicated that on average each Arabidopsis flowering gene has two orthologous copies in quinoa. Several genes including orthologues of MIF1, FT and TSF were identified as homologue-rich genes in quinoa. We also identified 459 quinoa-specific genes uniquely expressed in the flower and/or meristem, with no known orthologues in other species. The genes identified provide a resource and framework for further studies of flowering in quinoa and related species. It will serve as valuable resource for plant biologists, crop physiologists and breeders to facilitate further research and establishment of modern breeding programs for quinoa.

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Section: Photoperiod and Circadian Clock Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Photoperiod and Circadian Clock Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the quinoa genome reveals conservation and divergence of the flowering pathways

Golicz

Steinfort

Arya

et al. 2019

Funct Integr Genomics

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“…However, in some plants, just one day is sufficient, for instance in the short-day plant Ipomoea nil (Chois) cv violet and Chenopodium rubrum (L.) selection 374, and in the long-day plant Lolium perenne (Evans 1969). Since the photoperiodic treatment in these plants leads rapidly to the photoperiodic reaction, they are often used for experimentation (Drabešová et al 2014). Recently, the molecular mechanism of flower induction has been clarified a great deal by using forward and reverse genetics, genomic technologies (Wellmer and Riechmann 2005), and new techniques such as microarray analysis (Yamada et al 2003).…”

Section: The Various Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiodism: The Calendar of Plants

Engelmann

2015

Rhythms in Plants

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The daylength varies with the time of the year and can thus be used by plants-and other organisms-to react photoperiodically in developmental steps and morphological features such as cyst formation, germination of zygospores and cell division in certain algae, succulence of stems and leaves, formation of storage organs, and flower induction. The functioning and molecular bases of circadian clocks of plants are mentioned and shown how they are entrained to the day, and whether they are involved in photoperiodic timing. Seasonal aspects for various crops and the evolution of photoperiodism are briefly touched upon.

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“…Internal cDNA fragments of FT and CO were amplified using the BIOTAQ TM HS polymerase PCR kit (BIOLINE) and degenerate primers ( Table 1), which were designed from a highly conserved region of either FT or COL of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) [11] [17] and Chenopodium rubrum [18] [19]. PCR products were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (promega), and sequenced by a 3130 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems).…”

Section: Isolation Of Ft and Co Homologs From Spinachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the first step in clarification of spinach flowering mechanisms, we isolated two FT homologs and one COL homolog, which were designated as SoFT1, SoFT2 and SoCOL1, respectively, through cDNA amplification of highly conserved regions by degenerate primers followed by 5'-and 3'-RACE. SoCOL1 protein showed 89%, 92%, 84%, 54%, 55%, 60% amino acid identities with BvCOL1 [17], CrCOL1, CrCOL2 [19], AtCO, AtCOL1 and AtCOL2 [5], respectively (Figure 1(a)). CO-like proteins are differentiated by the presence of either one or two zinc finger B-box domains in the N-terminus of the protein and a C-terminal CCT domain, and are classified into three groups according to their B-box domain composition [4]- [6].…”

Section: Isolation Of Co-like and Ft Homologs From Spinachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Expression Profiling of a CONSTANS-Like Gene and Two FLOWERING LOCUS T-Like Genes from Spinacia oleracea L.

Abe¹,

Fujino²,

Masuda³

et al. 2014

AJPS

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Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) develops leaf rosettes under short-day conditions, and starts reproductive growth including bolting and flowering under long-day conditions. Japanese people prefer Oriental spinach that bolts easily with a shorter photoperiod than European spinach. This is one of the main reasons that Oriental spinach is difficult to grow year-round. In order to understand spinach flowering mechanisms and obtain knowledge for spinach breeding, we isolated one CONSTANS-like (COL) and two FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologs, which are key components of photoperiodic regulation of flowering time, from a Japanese cultivar. The expression of SoCOL1 showed diurnal rhythm with the highest expression at the end of the dark cycle. This diurnal rhythm is similar to the expression of BvCOL1 from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), whose flowerpromoting effect was observed when overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SoCOL1 is the closest homolog of BvCOL1, suggesting that SoCOL1 is an ortholog of BvCOL1. SoFT1 and SoFT2 are closely related to BvFT1 and BvFT2, respectively. The expression of SoFT1 and SoFT2 were induced in advance of flower bud formation after changing the photoperiod, but the expression level of SoFT1 was much lower than SoFT2. Currently, we are speculating that SoFT2 is a flower-promoting factor of spinach, and that SoFT1 has a role in light signaling because the expression of SoFT1 showed a diurnal rhythm.

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A dark–light transition triggers expression of the floral promoter CrFTL1 and downregulates CONSTANS-like genes in a short-day plant Chenopodium rubrum

Abstract: SummaryThe floral promoter CrFTL1 is activated by light exposure in Chenopodium rubrum, showing peaks of expression anti-phasic to CONSTANS-like genes. This activation mode is unique among short-day plants.

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Analysis of the quinoa genome reveals conservation and divergence of the flowering pathways

Analysis of the quinoa genome reveals conservation and divergence of the flowering pathways

Photoperiodism: The Calendar of Plants

Isolation and Expression Profiling of a CONSTANS-Like Gene and Two FLOWERING LOCUS T-Like Genes from Spinacia oleracea L.

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