A Dedicated Seismic Early Warning Network: The Mexican Seismic Alert System (SASMEX)

Suárez, Gerardo; Espinosa‐Aranda, J. M.; Cuéllar, Armando; Ibarrola, G.; García, Armando; Zavala, Martín; Maldonado, Samuel; Islas, R.

doi:10.1785/0220170184

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There currently exist EEWsystems in various stages of development and production in earthquake-prone countries around the world (Allen et al, 2009) including Mexico (Espinosa-Aranda et al, 2011;Cuéllar et al, 2017;Suárez et al, 2018), Switzerland (Cua et al, 2009), Italy (Zollo et al, 2014;Picozzi et al, 2015), Romania (Böse et al, 2007), Turkey (Wenzel et al, 2014), Taiwan (Hsiao et al, 2009), Japan (Nakamura, 1988;Hoshiba and Ozaki, 2014;Liu and Yamada, 2014;Kodera et al, 2016), Israel (Nof and Allen, 2016), South Korea (Sheen et al, 2014), and Chile (Lancieri et al, 2011). Both the demand and the usefulness of these systems have been well established through numerous studies (Kamigaichi et al, 2009;Gasparini et al, 2011;Strauss and Allen, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Earthquake Early Warning Performance: ElarmS‐3

Chung

Henson

Allen

2019

Seismological Research Letters

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The University of California Berkeley's (UCB) Earthquake Alert Systems (ElarmS) is a network-based earthquake early warning (EEW) algorithm that was one of the original algorithms developed for the U.S. west-coast-wide ShakeAlert EEW system. Here, we describe the latest update to the algorithm, ElarmS v.3.0 (ElarmS-3 or E3). A new teleseismic filter has been developed for E3 that analyzes the frequency content of incoming signals to better differentiate between teleseismic and local earthquakes. A series of trigger filters, including amplitude-based checks and a horizontal-to-vertical ratio check, have also been added to E3 to improve the quality of triggers that are used to create events. Because of its excellent performance, E3 is now the basis for EPIC, the only ShakeAlert point-source algorithm going forward. We can therefore also use the performance of E3 described here to assess the likely performance of ShakeAlert in the coming public rollout. We should expect false events with magnitudes between M 5 and 6 less than once per year. False events with M ≥ 6 will be even less frequent, with none having been observed in testing. We do not expect to miss any M ≥ 6 onshore earthquakes, though the system may miss some large offshore events and may miss one onshore earthquake between M 5 and 6 per year. Finally, in the metropolitan regions where the station density is on the order of 10 km, we expect users 20, 30, and 40 km from an earthquake epicenter to get 3, 6, and 9 s warning, respectively, before the S-wave shaking begins. Electronic Supplement: Screenshot of the Earthquake Alert Systems (ElarmS) review tool, and example histograms and tables of algorithm performance created by the review tool.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Earthquake Early Warning Performance: ElarmS‐3

Chung

Henson

Allen

2019

Seismological Research Letters

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“…Following the aftermath of the 1985 M8.0 Michoacán earthquake, the Mexican government decided to develop an early warning system to monitor the Guerrero seismic gap [43]. The construction of an Early Warning System was completed and came into operation in 1993 with twelve sensors located along the coast of the Guerrero state [44,45]. Four major modules compose the Mexican Seismic Alert System (SASMEX): the seismic detector system, the communication system, the central control and registry system, and the warning dissemination system (Figure 39).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The September 19th, 2017 Puebla, Mexico earthquake

Roeslin

Juárez-García

Elwood

et al. 2020

BNZSEE

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This report presents the observations and findings following the 2017 Puebla earthquake that occurred inMexico on September 19th, 2017. The reconnaissance mission was a collaboration between the New ZealandSociety of Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE), the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Azcapotzalco,the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Disaster Reconnaissance team, and the Colegio de Ingenieros Civilesde Mexico (CICM). During the earthquake, 77 buildings suffered partial or total collapse and more than8,000 buildings experienced damage ranging from slight damage to significant structural damage necessitatingdemolition. As observed in previous earthquakes, the unique soil conditions of Mexico City resulted inextensive damage to the city’s infrastructure, primarily due to local site effects. The earthquake causedrelatively more damage to buildings built on transition and soft soil zones (i.e. between hard and deep softsoils) than those on hard soils.The NZSEE and UAM team focussed on areas with widespread and extensive damage. They also assessedthe performance of repaired and retrofitted buildings after the 1985 Michoacán earthquake. It was found thatthe lessons learnt from the 1985 Michoacán earthquake led to some risk mitigation measures which benefitedseveral buildings in the 2017 earthquake. Retrofitted buildings were found to have performed very well withlittle or no damage when compared to other buildings.

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“…In this regard, the 8th of September 2017 Tehuantepec earthquake represents a new opportunity to test what are the key factors that determine the occurrence of large intraplate earthquakes on previously relatively quiescent fault systems (Hjörleifsdóttir et al, 2009;Meng, Ampuero, Sladen, etal., 2012;Satriano et al, 2012;Yue et al, 2012). The Mexican earthquake early warning system delivered an alert to major cities in central Mexico within a few seconds after the earthquake, sirens in Mexico City went off 92 s before the arrival of the surface waves which arrived near midnight 7 September 2017 local time (Suárez et al, 2018). Unlike most of the major earthquakes that are thrust events occurring along the Middle America trench in Mexico, the 8 September 2017 event had a normal fault mechanism which caused severe damage in the epicentral region, mainly in the states of Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Chiapas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike most of the major earthquakes that are thrust events occurring along the Middle America trench in Mexico, the 8 September 2017 event had a normal fault mechanism which caused severe damage in the epicentral region, mainly in the states of Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Chiapas. The Mexican earthquake early warning system delivered an alert to major cities in central Mexico within a few seconds after the earthquake, sirens in Mexico City went off 92 s before the arrival of the surface waves which arrived near midnight 7 September 2017 local time (Suárez et al, 2018). Eleven days after the event, another intraslab earthquake ruptured near Mexico City (e.g., Melgar, Pérez-Campos, et al, 2018) causing widespread damage in Mexico's capital, where nearly~300 people died and~45 building collapsed due to basin amplification (Çelebi et al, 2018;Cruz-Atienza et al, 2016;Galvis et al, 2017;Sahakian et al, 2018;Singh et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and Kinematic Rupture of the 2017 Mw 8.2 Tehuantepec Earthquake

Meng

Huang

Xie

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Integrated observations from the 2017 Mw 8.2 Tehuantepec, Mexico, earthquake probe one of the largest normal‐faulting events inside a subducting slab. In this study, we utilize a template matching approach to detect possible missing earthquakes within a 2‐month period before the mainshock. The seismicity rate shows an abrupt increase in the last day around the mainshock hypocenter. The large distance between most of the foreshocks and the mainshock is not consistent with static stress triggering but suggests alternative mechanisms such as delayed dynamic triggering or aseismic transients. Back‐projection using the USArray network reveals that the rupture propagated northwestward unilaterally at a speed of 3.6 km/s and terminated north of the Tehuantepec Ridge. Towards the end of the rupture, a wide step‐over occurred onto an adjacent fault parallel to the main fault plane. The mainshock is likely a reactivation of subducted outer‐rise faults, supported by the similarity of fault‐strike angles. The surprisingly large magnitude is consistent with exceedingly large dimensions of outer‐rise faulting in this segment of the central Mexican trench.

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A Dedicated Seismic Early Warning Network: The Mexican Seismic Alert System (SASMEX)

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

Optimizing Earthquake Early Warning Performance: ElarmS‐3

Optimizing Earthquake Early Warning Performance: ElarmS‐3

The September 19th, 2017 Puebla, Mexico earthquake

Nucleation and Kinematic Rupture of the 2017 Mw 8.2 Tehuantepec Earthquake

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