A Definition and Framework for Vehicular Knowledge Networking: An Application of Knowledge-Centric Networking

Deveaux, Duncan; Higuchi, Tetsuya; Uçar, Seyhan; Härri, Jérôme; Altintas, Onur

doi:10.1109/mvt.2021.3066376

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The vehicles were configured to move on Manhattan roads following a random waypoint mobility model. A random waypoint mobility model is used to simulate the vehicle's mobility as described in [41], [42], [43]. This mobility model presents one of the most dynamic and complex environments, as it contains a wide range of moving patterns along the path.…”

Section: Simulation Scenarios and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Network Slicing Enabled Edge Computing: A Cloud-Native Approach for Slice Mobility

Shah¹,

Gregory²,

Li³

2023

Preprint

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<p>Network slicing is a key enabler for 5G and beyond networks that permits operators to provide scalable, flexible, and dedicated networks over a common physical infrastructure. To cope with the rising demand for Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) in beyond 5G networks, the provision of dedicated secure networks closer to the users is essential. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is a promising technology that provides data and computational resources closer to mobile users. However, MEC servers are resource-constrained, and offering dedicated service-specific network slices at the edge in a highly dynamic and mobile environment is challenging. Network slicing and MEC are being evolved by two different standardization bodies that limit their integration and raise mobility challenges that deserve more attention. We propose a cloud-native microservices architecture for network slice mobility management in MEC that permits each MEC slice to be distributed as stateless and independently deployable microservices. The proposal separates the MEC slice operational data and the user context, as each network function in an MEC slice stores the context in a separate shared database. The proposed architecture leverages new SDN extended federation modules in compliance with the ETSI requirements for inter-MEC system coordination. The federation modules support a more flexible and scalable creation of network slices at MEC servers, efficient resource utilization, and mobility of network slices across MEC servers. The simulation results show that our proposed architecture outperforms the existing SDN-based approaches for network slicing in MEC by achieving high slice acceptance rates and reduced slice migration delay.</p>

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Section: Simulation Scenarios and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Network Slicing Enabled Edge Computing: A Cloud-Native Approach for Slice Mobility

Shah¹,

Gregory²,

Li³

2023

Preprint

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge-Defined Networking (KDN) is the concept of using information to generate knowledge using machine learning models or rule-based models and making network decisions accordingly [19]. The work in [19] presents a framework for cooperative knowledge building and sharing. Research conducted in [20] also uses the KDN concept for exploring the knowledge of risk reasoning through vehicular maneuver conflict.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on Knowledge-Defined Networking

Wijesekara

Gunawardena

2023

Telecom

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Traditional networking is hardware-based, having the control plane coupled with the data plane. Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which has a logically centralized control plane, has been introduced to increase the programmability and flexibility of networks. Knowledge-Defined Networking (KDN) is an advanced version of SDN that takes one step forward by decoupling the management plane from control logic and introducing a new plane, called a knowledge plane, decoupled from control logic for generating knowledge based on data collected from the network. KDN is the next-generation architecture for self-learning, self-organizing, and self-evolving networks with high automation and intelligence. Even though KDN was introduced about two decades ago, it had not gained much attention among researchers until recently. The reasons for delayed recognition could be due to the technology gap and difficulty in direct transformation from traditional networks to KDN. Communication networks around the globe have already begun to transform from SDNs into KDNs. Machine learning models are typically used to generate knowledge using the data collected from network devices and sensors, where the generated knowledge may be further composed to create knowledge ontologies that can be used in generating rules, where rules and/or knowledge can be provided to the control, management, and application planes for use in decision-making processes, for network monitoring and configuration, and for dynamic adjustment of network policies, respectively. Among the numerous advantages that KDN brings compared to SDN, enhanced automation and intelligence, higher flexibility, and improved security stand tall. However, KDN also has a set of challenges, such as reliance on large quantities of high-quality data, difficulty in integration with legacy networks, the high cost of upgrading to KDN, etc. In this survey, we first present an overview of the KDN architecture and then discuss each plane of the KDN in detail, such as sub-planes and interfaces, functions of each plane, existing standards and protocols, different models of the planes, etc., with respect to examples from the existing literature. Existing works are qualitatively reviewed and assessed by grouping them into categories and assessing the individual performance of the literature where possible. We further compare and contrast traditional networks and SDN against KDN. Finally, we discuss the benefits, challenges, design guidelines, and ongoing research of KDNs. Design guidelines and recommendations are provided so that identified challenges can be mitigated. Therefore, this survey is a comprehensive review of architecture, operation, applications, and existing works of knowledge-defined networks.

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“…Data/information are utilized to create knowledge with the aid of a knowledge creation technique in Knowledge-Defined Networking (KDN), which is used in updating application policies and aids in making decisions in control and management planes [30]. As an example, through conflicts between automotive actions, the idea of KDN was employed to investigate knowledge of hazard perception [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Blockchain Technology in Knowledge-Defined Networking, Its Application, Benefits, and Challenges

Wijesekara,

Gunawardena

2023

Network

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Knowledge-Defined Networking (KDN) necessarily consists of a knowledge plane for the generation of knowledge, typically using machine learning techniques, and the dissemination of knowledge, in order to make knowledge-driven intelligent network decisions. In one way, KDN can be recognized as knowledge-driven Software-Defined Networking (SDN), having additional management and knowledge planes. On the other hand, KDN encapsulates all knowledge-/intelligence-/ cognition-/machine learning-driven networks, emphasizing knowledge generation (KG) and dissemination for making intelligent network decisions, unlike SDN, which emphasizes logical decoupling of the control plane. Blockchain is a technology created for secure and trustworthy decentralized transaction storage and management using a sequence of immutable and linked transactions. The decision-making trustworthiness of a KDN system is reliant on the trustworthiness of the data, knowledge, and AI model sharing. To this point, a KDN may make use of the capabilities of the blockchain system for trustworthy data, knowledge, and machine learning model sharing, as blockchain transactions prevent repudiation and are immutable, pseudo-anonymous, optionally encrypted, reliable, access-controlled, and untampered, to protect the sensitivity, integrity, and legitimacy of sharing entities. Furthermore, blockchain has been integrated with knowledge-based networks for traffic optimization, resource sharing, network administration, access control, protecting privacy, traffic filtering, anomaly or intrusion detection, network virtualization, massive data analysis, edge and cloud computing, and data center networking. Despite the fact that many academics have employed the concept of blockchain in cognitive networks to achieve various objectives, we can also identify challenges such as high energy consumption, scalability issues, difficulty processing big data, etc. that act as barriers for integrating the two concepts together. Academicians have not yet reviewed blockchain-based network solutions in diverse application categories for diverse knowledge-defined networks in general, which consider knowledge generation and dissemination using various techniques such as machine learning, fuzzy logic, and meta-heuristics. Therefore, this article fills a void in the content of the literature by first reviewing the diverse existing blockchain-based applications in diverse knowledge-based networks, analyzing and comparing the existing works, describing the advantages and difficulties of using blockchain systems in KDN, and, finally, providing propositions based on identified challenges and then presenting prospects for the future.

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A Definition and Framework for Vehicular Knowledge Networking: An Application of Knowledge-Centric Networking

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Toward Network Slicing Enabled Edge Computing: A Cloud-Native Approach for Slice Mobility

Toward Network Slicing Enabled Edge Computing: A Cloud-Native Approach for Slice Mobility

A Comprehensive Survey on Knowledge-Defined Networking

A Review of Blockchain Technology in Knowledge-Defined Networking, Its Application, Benefits, and Challenges

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