A demonstration plant based on the new NF—SWRO process

Hassan, Ata M.; Farooque, A. Mohammed; Jamaluddin, A. T. M.; Al-Amoudi, Ahmed S.; Al-Sofi, Mohammad A.K.; Al-Rubaian, Abdullah; Kither, N. M.; Al-Tisan, Ibrahim; Rowaili, A.

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(00)90016-x

Cited by 99 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…On the other hand nanofiltration (NF) membranes, which are capable of rejecting almost all multivalent ions in the feed solution, require less energy for operation compared to the more energy demanding RO membranes. However, NF rejection of monovalent ions, such as chloride, is partial and not comparable to that of RO membranes [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A combined ion exchange–nanofiltration process for water desalination: II. Membrane selection

Hilal¹,

Kochkodan²,

Abdulgader³

et al. 2015

Desalination

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A combined ion exchange–nanofiltration process for water desalination: II. Membrane selection

Hilal¹,

Kochkodan²,

Abdulgader³

et al. 2015

Desalination

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“…Due to active surface layers, ULPRO and NF membranes allow the desalinigation of brackish water at pressures comparable to those applied to NF. They also have improved fouling resistance against hydrophobic colloids, oils, proteins, and other organics [108][109][110]. Dendrimerenhance UF (DEUF) was used to recover Cu(II) from aqueous solutions, while UF was used to separate dendrimerCu(II) from aqueous solutions [111].…”

Section: Nanomembranes For Treatment Of Water and Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials for environmental burden reduction, waste treatment, and nonpoint source pollution control: a review

Shan

Surampalli²,

Tyagi

et al. 2009

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. China

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Nanomaterials are applicable in the areas of reduction of environmental burden, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes, and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control. First, environmental burden reduction involves green process and engineering, emissions control, desulfurization/denitrification of nonrenewable energy sources, and improvement of agriculture and food systems. Second, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes involves converting wastes into products, groundwater remediation, adsorption, delaying photocatalysis, and nanomembranes. Third, NPS pollution control involves controlling water pollution. Nanomaterials alter physical properties on a nanoscale due to their high specific surface area to volume ratio. They are used as catalysts, adsorbents, membranes, and additives to increase activity and capability due to their high specific surface areas and nano-sized effects. Thus, nanomaterials are more effective at treating environmental wastes because they reduce the amount of material needed.

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“…The Research & Development Center (RDC) of SWCC of Saudi Arabia recently introduced a promising approach for pretreatment of seawater using nanofiltration (NF) membranes [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Application of nanofiltration technique for pretreatment of seawater resulted in the reduction of salt concentration and removal of most of the hardness ions (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) and co-ions (SO 4 2-, HCO 3 -) salts which are responsible for the formation of the alkaline and non-alkaline scale on the heat transfer surfaces of thermal desalination processes.…”

Section: Prospects Of Development Of Hybrid Desalination Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%