A Descriptive Study on Patients of Carcinoma Larynx Attending Tertiary Care Centres in Hyderabad, Telangana

Abstract

BACKGROUND Laryngeal cancer is the eleventh most common cancer in men worldwide, but is relatively uncommon in women. Cancer larynx constitutes 2.63% of all body cancers in India. Tobacco smoking and alcohol are the major risk factors for laryngeal cancer. The presenting complaints of laryngeal cancer are hoarseness, dysphagia and referred pain in the ear or mass of lymph nodes in the neck. Objectives-1. To describe sociodemographic factors among patients with carcinoma larynx. 2. To assess the spectrum of clinical features in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. 3. To determine the histopathological pattern in carcinoma larynx patients. MATERIALS AND METHODSA descriptive study was undertaken in ENT Department of Gandhi Hospital and MNJ Cancer Institute, which are tertiary care centres in Hyderabad, Telangana for a period of 2 years (November 2014 -October 2016). Fifty patients who were clinically diagnosed as carcinoma larynx were included in the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional ethics committee. Informed consent was obtained from the patients before including them in the study. RESULTSThe maximum incidence of carcinoma larynx in this study was found in the age group of 41-60 years (52%) followed by the 61-80 years age group (42%). Around 94% of Cases were male. Almost 96% of patients belonged to low socioeconomic status. Chief complaint noted in this study was change in voice -48%. Alcohol consumption and beedi smoking were found to be the contributing factors in the occurrence of carcinoma larynx. CONCLUSIONAround 98% of cases showed squamous cell carcinoma on histopathological examination. The most common site of carcinoma larynx was glottis (54%) followed by supraglottis region (44%).