A Design Space for Applying the Freytag's Pyramid Structure to Data Stories

From `Wow' to `Why': Guidelines for Creating the Opening of a Data Video with Cinematic Styles

“…The first source was the lists from previous studies [4,24,26,34] in narrative visualizations that collected high-quality data videos. The second source was popular video platforms such as YouTube [51], Vimeo [48], Douyin [38], and Tencent Video [42].…”

“…Cao et al [14] introduced a broad taxonomy of the narrative and visual approaches found in 70 data videos. Two closely related works were from Animi et al [2] and Yang et al [34] separately identified and defined Establisher and Setting that set the background of stories at the beginning of data videos. Specifically, Amini et al [2] analyzed the narrative structures of 50 videos by decomposing them and labeling the sequences of four narrative categories (i.e., Establisher, Initial, Peak, and Release) from cinematography.…”

“…They further reported two major types of content (i.e., Question and New Fact) found in the Establisher of data videos. Recently, Yang et al [34] analyzed 103 data videos and concluded six types of narrative patterns (i.e., Introducing visualizations, Statistic hook, Preview, Raising a question, Introducing backgrounds, and Presenting concrete characters) applied in Setting. Additionally, they concluded strategies of selecting and organizing data facts to achieve the narrative patterns and animation techniques that could enhance the presentation of narrative patterns.…”

“…Previous data video research primarily focused on the design of narrative structures [2,34], animations, and transition techniques [26,30,31]. To fill this gap, we draw inspirations from visual expressions and styles from great opening sequences of films and derive design guidance for creating attractive data video openings.…”

“…To fill this gap, we draw inspirations from visual expressions and styles from great opening sequences of films and derive design guidance for creating attractive data video openings. To inform our research, we refer to previous research in data video structures [2,34] and define the opening of a data video as the sequences that use visual and auditory expressions to set the tone and context of the story at the beginning of data videos.…”