A destilação simulada na indústria do petróleo

Abstract

Recebido em 7/6/04; aceito em 15/10/04; publicado na web em 17/2/05 SIMULATED DISTILLATION IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. One of the most widely used physico-chemical characterizations of hydrocarbon mixtures is the determination of their boiling point distribution. Knowledge of the boiling range of crude oils and petroleum products is essential to ensure the correct specification of final products and to control refinery processes. Simulated distillation, a GC based process, has been playing this role for the past decades in the petroleum industry. The main purpose of this work is to show the fundamentals of this technique as well as its present trends.

Molecular Distillation of Petroleum Residues and Physical-Chemical Characterization of Distillate Cuts Obtained in the Process

“…3,4 The ARs are fractionated by the ASTM D5236 method, but this is limited to temperatures below 838 K. For higher temperatures a well-established method does not exist, although high-temperature simulated distillation (HTDS) by gas chromatography (GC) is well-adapted and used to extend the true boiling point curves (TBP). [5][6][7] To obtain a more efficient separation from petroleum residues, thus diminishing the risk of thermal degradation and reaching an enhanced performance of the cuts produced, a method based on molecular distillation was implemented by the Separation Process Development Laboratory (LDPS) and the Optimization, Project, and Advanced Control Laboratory (LOPCA) at the Chemical Engineering School of UNICAMP and the Research Center of Petrobras-Brazil (CENPES/Petrobras). This method extended the TBP curves of crude oils at temperatures higher than the ones achieved by conventional distillation methods.…”

“…The fractionating of the crude oils is usually carried out through conventional distillation methods, ASTM D2892 and ASTM D5236. , The ARs are fractionated by the ASTM D5236 method, but this is limited to temperatures below 838 K. For higher temperatures a well-established method does not exist, although high-temperature simulated distillation (HTDS) by gas chromatography (GC) is well-adapted and used to extend the true boiling point curves (TBP). – …”

Transformação de triglicerídeos em combustíveis, materiais poliméricos e insumos químicos: algumas aplicações da catálise na oleoquímica

“…Dentre esses compostos, os mais estudados são aqueles contendo em sua estrutura os metais W, Mo, Re e Ru e acredita-se que a espécie ativa da reação seja um intermediá-rio metal carbeno (M=C) 64 . O mecanismo da reação de metátese de olefinas é consolidado e, recentemente, foi publicado um excelente trabalho abordando várias tipos de reações de metátese de compostos insaturados e os aspectos mecanísticos envolvidos 65 . Aceita-se que a reação passe por intermediários metal-carbeno, metalolefina e metalaciclobutano, conforme Figura 8.…”

Study of Distillation Temperature Curves from Brazilian Crude Oil by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Association with Partial Least Squares Regression

“…Experimental information about boiling point distribution of crude oils and chemical species coming from oil refining is considered essential for monitoring, control, and product quality assurance. Simulated distillation (SimDis) by gas chromatography emerged in the early 1960s to evaluate the volatility curve of petroleum and its distilled fractions . Low sample amounts and quickness in achieving results corroborate to the dissemination of this analytical technique as a safe alternative to the conventional method available at the time, i.e., the true boiling point (TBP) curve obtained by standard distillation ASTM D2892 and D5236.…”

“…In a recent work, we showed that it is possible to estimate API gravity, carbon residue, wax appearance temperature, and basic organic nitrogen from a singleH NMR crude oil spectrum using a simple PLS . Some other works approached different physicochemical properties from 1 H NMR associated with chemometrics. − Filgueiras et al performed work taking into account three distillation temperatures (DTs) equivalent to 10, 50, and 90% distilled in Brazilian crude oil, whose main goal was to establish confidence intervals for support vector regression (SVR) through a boosting-type ensemble method .…”