A different gut microbiome linked to inflammation found in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma

Piñero, Federico; Vázquez, Martı́n; Baré, Patricia; Rohr, Cristian Oscar; Mendizábal, Manuel; Sciara, Mariela; Alonso, Cristina; Fay, Fabián; Silva, Marcelo

doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2018.10.003

Cited by 60 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The link of obesity, nutritional status, diet and microbiome composition has been described and discussed [48][49][50], and the influence of cirrhosis on the microbiome as well as the role of microbiome alterations and signatures as biomarkers for diagnosis and disease progression of cirrhosis have been shown [51]. More recent studies focused on the role of dysbiosis in the emergence of cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma and its potential role as a biomarker for early carcinoma detection [52][53][54][55][56]. The fact that NSAIDs could not be associated with microbiome composition in our study, contrary to previous literature [57], might be caused by the small sample size and the low number of patients taking NSAIDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Critically Ill Patients Alters the Gut–Liver Axis: A Case Control Study

et al. 2020

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Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SC-CIP) occurs after long-term intensive care treatment. This study aimed to assess the gut–liver axis in SC-CIP. Stool microbiome composition, gut permeability, bacterial translocation and serum bile acid profiles of 18 SC-CIP patients compared to 11 patients after critical illness without liver disease (CIP controls), 21 patients with cirrhosis and 21 healthy controls were studied. 16S rDNA was isolated from stool and sequenced using the Illumina technique. Diamine oxidase, zonulin, soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein were measured in serum and calprotectin in stool. Serum bile acids were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Reduced microbiome alpha diversity and altered beta diversity were seen in SC-CIP, CIP controls and cirrhosis compared to healthy controls. SC-CIP patients showed a shift towards pathogenic taxa and an oralization. SC-CIP, CIP controls and cirrhotic patients presented with impaired gut permeability, and biomarkers of bacterial translocation were increased in SC-CIP and cirrhosis. Total serum bile acids were elevated in SC-CIP and cirrhosis and the bile acid profile was altered in SC-CIP, CIP controls and cirrhosis. In conclusions, observed alterations of the gut–liver axis in SC-CIP cannot solely be attributed to liver disease, but may also be secondary to long-term intensive care treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Critically Ill Patients Alters the Gut–Liver Axis: A Case Control Study

et al. 2020

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“…Even with the advent of new therapeutic oncologic modalities, such as immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors [3][4][5], new biomarkers have not settled into daily practice, except for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) [6]. Therefore, the challenge is to develop other biomarkers for early diagnosis, adequate treatment selection of patients, and post-treatment prognosis, including proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, and other novel biomarkers such as microbiome [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Response Assessment

Piñero

Dirchwolf

Pessôa

2020

Cells

Self Cite

352

255

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the main cancer-related causes of death worldwide. Thus, there is a constant search for improvement in screening, diagnosis, and treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of this malignancy. The identification of useful biomarkers for surveillance and early HCC diagnosis is still deficient, with available serum biomarkers showing low sensitivity and heterogeneous specificity despite different cut-off points, even when assessed longitudinally, or with a combination of serum biomarkers. In contrast, HCC biomarkers used for prognostic (when associated with clinical outcomes) or predictive purposes (when associated with treatment response) may have an increased clinical role in the near future. Furthermore, some serum biomarkers are already implicated as a treatment selection tool, whether to provide access to certain therapies or to assess clinical benefit after treatment. In the present review we will discuss the clinical utility and foreseen future of HCC biomarkers implicated in surveillance, diagnosis, prognosis, and post-treatment assessment.

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“…Dysbiosis refers to changes in microbiota and, therefore, changes in microbial metabolites, that commonly co-occur with defects in the gastrointestinal barrier that facilitate the translocation of microbial products into the portal circulation. Patients with NASH [ 42 , 43 ] or cirrhosis [ 44 , 45 ] present gut dysbiosis, and a strong association was found between the host microbiome profile and alcohol intake [ 46 ]. There is also increasing evidence demonstrating a critical role of the gut microbiome and the microbial metabolites in hepatic tumorigenesis [ 24 , 45 ], including the impairment of anti-tumor immunity [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Inter-patient Heterogeneity In Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Endless Sources of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Heterogeneity

Bárcena‐Varela

Lujambio

2021

Cancers

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a global health problem. The incidence keeps increasing and current therapeutic options confer limited benefits to the patients. Tumor heterogeneity plays a central role in this context, limiting the availability of predictive biomarkers and complicating the criteria used to choose the most suitable therapeutic option. HCC heterogeneity occurs at different levels: within the population (inter-patient heterogeneity) and within tumors from the same patient (intra-patient and intra-tumor heterogeneity). Experts in the field have made many efforts to classify the patients based on clinicopathological characteristics and molecular signatures; however, there is still much work ahead to be able to integrate the extra-tumor heterogeneity that emerges from the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease and therapy responses. In this review, we summarize tumor intrinsic and extrinsic sources of heterogeneity of the most common etiologies of HCC and summarize the most recent discoveries regarding the evolutionary trajectory of liver cancer cells and the influence of tumor-extrinsic factors such as the microbiome and the host immune system. We further highlight the potential of novel high-throughput methodologies to contribute to a better understanding of this devastating disease and to the improvement of the clinical management of patients.

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A different gut microbiome linked to inflammation found in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma

Cited by 60 publications

References 25 publications

Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Critically Ill Patients Alters the Gut–Liver Axis: A Case Control Study

Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Critically Ill Patients Alters the Gut–Liver Axis: A Case Control Study

Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Response Assessment

The Endless Sources of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Heterogeneity

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