A Digital Image Watermarking for Authentication Based on the Dual-Tree Complex Discrete Wavelet Transform and Interval Arithmetic

Abstract

We propose a new digital image watermarking method for authentication based on the dual-tree complex discrete wavelet transform (DT-CDWT) and interval arithmetic (IA). This method is a kind of content-based watermarking, because it generates a watermark from the host image and authenticates the test image by comparing two types of watermarks constructed using the test image. We describe our watermarking and authentication procedure in detail and present experimental results demonstrating that our method produces high-quality watermarked images and can locate the areas that have been tampered with.

An effective multifocus image fusion method using guided filter

“…Similarly, h 1 n ð Þ) and g 1 n ð Þ represent the highpass filter for the upper filter bank and the lower filter bank, separately. 1-D DTCWT can easily be extended to the 2-D DTCWT when we parallelly perform 1-D DTCWT on rows and columns of an image (Minamoto and Ohura, 2013), respectively. The horizontal and vertical subbands are separated into six directional subbands such as 675, 645, 615.…”