A digoxin-like immunoreactive substance and atrioventricular block induced by a Chinese medicine "Kyushin".

Lin, Chung‐Sheng; Lin, Ming‐Cheng; Chen, Kuo-Shuen; Ho, Chien-Chung; Tsai, Shiou-Ren; Ho, Chin-Sow; Shieh, Wen-Hwei

doi:10.1253/jcj.53.1077

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…To answer question (ii), we need to understand the temporal and spatial relationship between observed brightenings and magnetic field changes in the corona. The injection of magnetic energy into the corona through the photosphere is considered to be associated with the horizontal displacement of magnetic features on the photosphere: emergence (Schmieder et al 1997;Ishii et al 1998;Kusano et al 2002;Nindos & Zhang 2002) and cancellation (Livi et al 1989;Fletcher et al 2001) of magnetic flux, rotation of sunspots (Kučera 1982;Lin & Chen 1989;Nightingale et al 2002), and moving magnetic features Moon et al 2002). The velocity fields can be detrmined using the white light images (Nightingale et al 2002) or by estimating the small displacements from a Local Correlation Tracking (LCT) technique (November & Simon 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of magnetic fields and energetics of flares in active region 8210

Régnier¹,

Canfield

2006

A&A

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To better understand eruptive events in the solar corona, we combine sequences of multi-wavelength observations and modelling of the coronal magnetic field of NOAA AR 8210, a highly flare-productive active region. From the photosphere to the corona, the observations give us information about the motion of magnetic elements (photospheric magnetograms), the location of flares (e.g., Hα, EUV or soft X-ray brightenings), and the type of events (Hα blueshift events). Assuming that the evolution of the coronal magnetic field above an active region can be described by successive equilibria, we follow in time the magnetic changes of the 3D nonlinear force-free (nlff) fields reconstructed from a time series of photospheric vector magnetograms. We apply this method to AR 8210 observed on May 1, 1998 between 17:00 UT and 21:40 UT. We identify two types of horizontal photospheric motions that can drive an eruption: a clockwise rotation of the sunspot, and a fast motion of an emerging polarity. The reconstructed nlff coronal fields give us a scenario of the confined flares observed in AR 8210: the slow sunspot rotation enables the occurence of flare by a reconnection process close to a separatrix surface whereas the fast motion is associated with small-scale reconnections but no detectable flaring activity. We also study the injection rates of magnetic energy, Poynting flux and relative magnetic helicity through the photosphere and into the corona. The injection of magnetic energy by transverse photospheric motions is found to be correlated with the storage of energy in the corona and then the release by flaring activity. The magnetic helicity derived from the magnetic field and the vector potential of the nlff configuration is computed in the coronal volume. The magnetic helicity evolution shows that AR 8210 is dominated by the mutual helicity between the closed and potential fields and not by the self helicity of the closed field which characterizes the twist of confined flux bundles. We conclude that for AR 8210 the complex topology is a more important factor than the twist in the eruption process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of magnetic fields and energetics of flares in active region 8210

Régnier¹,

Canfield

2006

A&A

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“…To the best of our understanding, toad-venom poisoning is rare but potentially life threatening 2 – 9. Toads typically feature a variety of toxic substances in the skin and parotid glands and, even more so in the eggs of some species, such toxic substances are often resistant to breakdown or denaturing by cooking 1 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 9.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-threatening episode after ingestion of toad eggs: a case report with literature review

et al. 2009

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It is known that the toad possesses several toxic substances in the skin and parotid glands. In the past, toad-venom poisoning has been reported from ingestion of toad soup, Kyushin and aphrodisiac pills, but poisoning from toad eggs is observed for the first time. The case of a healthy female who had previously eaten toad soup twice without any discomfort is reported. She developed gastrointestinal symptoms and life-threatening cardiac rhythm after ingestion of toad eggs. A transvenous temporary pacemaker was used promptly to prevent from lethal bradyarrhythmia. Hyperkalaemia was managed with insulin, glucose water and sodium bicarbonate. A digoxin-specific Fab fragment was administered to this young woman 4 h subsequent to her admission.

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“…The most common animal source of CAS exposure is the bufo toad. Interestingly, herbal medications prescribed for "heart" patients by some herbalists specify bufo toad venom, such as kyushin, as an ingredient [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardioactive steroid poisoning: A comparison of plant- and animal-derived compounds

et al. 2006

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Introduction: Cardioactive steroids (CASs) are found in plants, animals, and insects. Their affinity for Na+-K+ ATPase is attenuated by the type of lactone at carbon 17 (C17) of the steroid backbone: those with 5-membered lactone rings, or cardenolides, are derived mostly from plants with 6-membered rings or from animals with bufadienolides. A systematic review of CAS poisoning was performed to compare the mortality rate of cardenolides and bufadienolides.Methods: MEDLINE was searched for articles using commonly reported names of CASs, and keywords were limited to human cases only. We searched cases from 1982 to 2003, so that supportive care was similar and digoxin-specific Fab was available. Identified reports of CAS poisoning were read to exclude cases involving licensed pharmaceuticals. Inclusion criteria included hyperkalemia, gastrointestinal symptoms, electrocardiographic evidence of CAS toxicity, digoxin serum concentration, or history of exposure to a substance containing a CAS. Clinical data was collected, including information about treatment with digoxin-specific Fab and treatment outcome.Results: Fifty-nine articles, describing 924 patients, were identified. Eight hundred ninety-seven patients (97%) ingested a CAS with a 5-membered lactone ring, and mortality was 6% (n = 54). Twenty-seven patients (2.9%) ingested a CAS with a 6-membered lactone ring, and mortality was 29.6% (n = 8). The difference in mortality rates was statistically significant (p < 0.001, [X 2 ]). CASs with 6-member rings accounted for the highest percentage of nonsuicidal exposures.Conclusion: Although cardenolides accounted for the majority of exposures, bufadienolides were five times more lethal than cardenolides.

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A digoxin-like immunoreactive substance and atrioventricular block induced by a Chinese medicine "Kyushin".

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of magnetic fields and energetics of flares in active region 8210

Evolution of magnetic fields and energetics of flares in active region 8210

Life-threatening episode after ingestion of toad eggs: a case report with literature review

Cardioactive steroid poisoning: A comparison of plant- and animal-derived compounds

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