A Distinct Small RNA Pathway Silences Selfish Genetic Elements in the Germline

Vagin, Vasily V.; Sigova, Alla A.; Li, Chengjian; Seitz, Hervé; Гвоздев, В. А.; Zamore, Phillip D.

doi:10.1126/science.1129333

Cited by 1,211 publications

(1,268 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The processing and maturation of 19-21 nucleotide miRNAs depends on two dsRNA-binding proteins, Dicer-1 (Dcr-1) and Loquacious (Loqs, also known as R3D1), which are associated with each other [64,65], while Piwi is known to be involved in generating 29-31 nucleotide repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) for silencing retrotransposons and repeated sequences [66]. The piwi mutant GSCs divide much slower than wild-type but have normal self-renewal capacity, indicating that the rasiRNA pathway is required to control GSC division [21].…”

Section: Genes and Pathways That Control Gsc Self-renewal Proliferatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community

2007

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Only a small number of cells in adult tissues (the stem cells) possess the ability to self-renew at every cell division, while producing differentiating daughter cells to maintain tissue homeostasis for an organism's lifetime. The Drosophila ovary harbors three different types of stem cell populations (germline stem cell (GSC), somatic stem cell (SSC) and escort stem cell (ESC)) located in a simple anatomical structure known as germarium, rendering it one of the best model systems for studying stem cell biology due to reliable stem cell identification and available sophisticated genetic tools for manipulating gene functions. Particularly, the niche for the GSC is among the first and best studied ones, and studies on the GSC and its niche have made many unique contributions to a better understanding of relationships between stem cells and their niche. So far, both the GSC and the SSC have been shown to be regulated by extrinsic factors originating from their niche and intrinsic factors functioning within. Multiple signaling pathways are required for controlling GSC and SSC self-renewal and differentiation, which provide unique opportunities to investigate how multiple signals from the niche are interpreted in the stem cell. Since the Drosophila ovary contains three types of stem cells, it also provides outstanding opportunities to study how multiple stem cells in a given tissue work collaboratively to contribute to tissue function and maintenance. This review highlights recent major advances in studying Drosophila ovarian stem cells and also discusses future directions and challenges.

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Section: Genes and Pathways That Control Gsc Self-renewal Proliferatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community

2007

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“…Direct cytoplasmic "bridges" were observed between ARMAN and Thermoplasmatales cells, implying a close relationship between them 12,14 . The ARMAN-1 CRISPR-Cas9 may thus defend against transposon propagation between these organisms, a role that is reminiscent of piRNA-mediated defense against transposition in the eukaryotic germ line 16 .…”

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confidence: 99%

New CRISPR–Cas systems from uncultivated microbes

Burstein

Harrington

Strutt

et al. 2016

Nature

507

369

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CRISPR-Cas systems provide microbes with adaptive immunity by employing short sequences, termed spacers, that guide Cas proteins to cleave foreign DNA 1,2 . Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems are streamlined versions in which a single Cas protein bound to RNA recognizes and cleaves targeted sequences 3,4 . The programmable nature of these minimal systems has enabled their repurposing as a versatile technology that is broadly revolutionizing biological and clinical research 5 . However, current CRISPR-Cas technologies are based solely on systems from isolated bacteria, leaving untapped the vast majority of enzymes from organisms that have not been cultured. Metagenomics, the sequencing of DNA extracted from natural microbial communities, provides access to the genetic material of a huge array of uncultivated organisms 6,7 . Here, using genome-resolved metagenomics, we identified novel CRISPR-Cas systems, including the first reported Cas9 in the archaeal domain of life. This divergent Cas9 protein was found in littlestudied nanoarchaea as part of an active CRISPR-Cas system. In bacteria, we discovered two

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“…A new and intriguing observation is that West Nile virus (WNV) encodes a miRNA-like molecule that can modulate host gene expression [53]. piRNAs piRNAs are 24-32 nt in length, distinct from other small RNAs as their production is Dicer-independent [120] and do not generally form hairpins or other secondary structures during biogenesis. piRNAs interact with proteins of the P-element induced wimpy testis in Drosophila (PIWI) subfamily (reviewed by [110]), such as PIWI, Argonaute-3 (Ago-3) and Aubergine (Aub).…”

Section: Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral responses of arthropod vectors: an update on recent advances

et al. 2014

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Arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks, biting midges and sand flies, transmit many viruses that can cause outbreaks of disease in humans and animals around the world. Arthropod vector species are invading new areas due to globalisation and environmental changes, and contact between exotic animal species, humans and arthropod vectors is increasing, bringing with it the regular emergence of new arboviruses. For future strategies to control arbovirus transmission, it is important to improve our understanding of virus-vector interactions. In the last decade knowledge of arthropod antiviral immunity has increased rapidly. RNAi has been proposed as the most important antiviral response in mosquitoes and it is likely to be the most important antiviral response in all arthropods. However, other newly-discovered antiviral strategies such as melanisation and the link between RNAi and the JAK/STAT pathway via the cytokine Vago have been characterised in the last few years. This review aims to summarise the most important and most recent advances made in arthropod antiviral immunity.

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A Distinct Small RNA Pathway Silences Selfish Genetic Elements in the Germline

Cited by 1,211 publications

References 35 publications

The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community

The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community

New CRISPR–Cas systems from uncultivated microbes

Antiviral responses of arthropod vectors: an update on recent advances

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