“…The maximum upside potential / minimum downside risk method (Dimitrakopoulos, Martinez, and Ramazan, 2007) is predominant among the heuristic techniques. Genetic algorithms (Denby and Schofield, 1995), simulated annealing (Albor Consuegra and Dimitrakopoulos, 2009), Tabu search (Lamghari and Dimitrakopoulos, 2012), and ant colony algorithm (Gilani and Sattarvand, 2016) meta-heuristic approaches have also been reported to be successfully applied. The majority of research has been focused on incorporation of metal grade uncertainty.…”