A donor polymer based on 3-cyanothiophene with superior batch-to-batch reproducibility for high-efficiency organic solar cells

Yuan, Xiyue; Zhao, Yunli; Zhan, Tao; Oh, Jiyeon; Zhou, Jiadong; Li, Junyu; Wang, Xiaojing; Wang, Zhiqiang; Pang, Shuting; Cai, Ping; Yang, Changduk; He, Zhicai; Xie, Zengqi; Duan, Chunhui; Huang, Fei; Cao, Yong

doi:10.1039/d1ee01957k

Cited by 76 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 3a, the ratio of electron mobility and hole mobility was determined as 5.3 without 2PACz in BHJ, while the value was optimized to 1.3 with the addition of 3 wt% 2PACz, partly accounting for the higher FF in 2PACz modified device. [59,60] A stronger build-in electric field across the device is expected to attenuate space charge effects and effectively sweep-out the free charges. [36] In order to quantitate the impact of 2PACz on the built-in electric field, the capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements were conducted in dark environment.…”

Section: Charge Generation Recombination and Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Surpassing 15%

Jing

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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counterparts and is very attractive for developing semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs), which have great potential application in building integrated photovoltaic, agricultural greenhouse, car window, and so on. [5,6] Different from opaque device that is concerned mostly with power conversion efficiency (PCE), ST-OSCs also value the transparency in the visible region and adopt average visible transmittance (AVT) to assess their see-through function. [7] However, there is a trade-off relationship between the see-through function and photovoltaic performances since enhancing the light transmission generally leads to lower amount of photons to be utilized. Therefore, efforts including material designing and device engineering are widely employed to reconcile the intrinsic contradiction between AVT and PCE. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Ideally, the photon-absorbing materials in ST-OSCs should have the main absorption in the NIR region and weak absorption in the visible region. [17] Previously, various narrow bandgap polymer donors were synthesized and matched with fullerene acceptors in ST-OSCs. [18,19] Recently, with the aid of advances in materials designing of NIR-absorbing non-fullerene electron acceptors, the PCEs of ST-OSCs have already surpassed 14%. [20,21] Meanwhile, optical engineering technologies, including photonic crystals, [22,23] antireflective device structures, [24,25] or optical microcavity structures, [26,27] have been applied to improve the PCEs and optimize the transmission spectra with deliberately designed layout but energy-consuming process. Other strategies, including multi-component, [28,29] sequentially deposited active layer [30,31] and thickness optimization [20] are also implemented to regulate photon harvesting range and improve PCEs in these fields.More directly, lowering the large-bandgap donor content in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) has been demonstrated as a facile strategy to tune the transmittance spectrum of active layer. [32][33][34] The AVTs of D18-Cl:Y6-1O films have been continuously changed from 30.3% to 68.0% through ranging the donor and acceptor weight ratio (D:A ratio) from 1.1:1.6 to 0.1:1.6. [4] These previous works imply the feasibility of achieving high AVT from low-donor content ST-OSCs. Nevertheless, the performance optimization of OSCs with dilute donors still remains a challenge, mainly originating from the imbalanced charge Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have promising prospects for building or vehicle integrated solar energy harvesting with energy generation and see-through function. How to achieve both an adequate average visible transmittance (AVT) and high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) is always the key issue. Herein, a simple but effective strategy for constructing high performance ST-OSCs by introducing a small molecule [2-(9-H-Carbazol-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid (2PACz) into a low-donor content active layer is reported. The fill factor is improved from 70.5% to 75.5% and correlated to the mitigated charge recombination a...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charge Generation Recombination and Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Surpassing 15%

Jing

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was one of the most important donor materials in the history of organic PVs. It has a simple molecular structure, and thus, is easy and cheap to synthesize [16][17][18][19][20] , which are the paramount evaluation criteria for the scaling-up of OSCs. It has been reported that the synthesis of over 10 kg P3HT could be realized in a single batch, making it the most scalable donor material 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Efficiency and Voltage Losses in P3HT: Non-fullerene Solar Cells

Xu¹,

Wu²,

Liang³

et al. 2022

Acta Physico Chimica Sinica

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From the industrial perspective, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the most attractive donor materials in organic photovoltaics. The large bandgap in P3HT makes it particularly promising for efficient indoor light harvesting, a unique advantage of organic photovoltaic (PV) devices, and this has started to gain considerable attention in the field of PV technology. In addition, the up-scalability and long material stability associated with the simple chemical structure make P3HT one of the most promising materials for the mass production of organic solar cells. However, the solar cells based on P3HT has a low power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is less than 11%, mainly due to significant voltage losses. In this study, we identified the origin of the high quantum efficiency and voltage losses in the P3HT:non-fullerene based solar cells, and we proposed a strategy to reduce the losses. More specifically, we observed that: 1) the non-radiative decay rate of the charge transfer (CT) states formed at the donor-acceptor interfaces was much higher for the P3HT:nonfullerene solar cells than that for the P3HT:fullerene solar cells, which was the main reason for the more severely limited photovoltage; 2) the origin of the high non-radiative decay rate in the P3HT:non-fullerene solar cell could be ascribed to the short packing distance between the P3HT and non-fullerene acceptor molecules at the donor-acceptor interfaces (DA distance), which is a rarely studied interfacial structural property, highly important in determining the decay rate of CT states; 3) the lower voltage loss in the state-of-the-art P3HT solar cell based on the 2,2'- ((12,13-bis(2-butyldecyl)-3,9diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]p-yrolo[3,2-g]thieno [2',3':4,5]thieno [3,2b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanelylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dion-e) (ZY-4Cl) acceptor could be associated with the better alignment of the energy levels of the active materials and the longer DA distance, compared to those based on the commonly used acceptors. However, the DA distance was still very short, limiting the device voltage. Thus, improving the performance of the P3HT based solar cells requires a further increase in the DA distance. Our findings are expected to pave the way for breaking the performance bottleneck of the P3HT based solar cells.

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“…[7,[56][57][58][59][60] State-of-the-art polymer donors, PM6, P2F-EHp, D18, etc., containing a BDT unit, have shown unprecedented progress in NFA-based PSCs (NFA-PSCs) (Figure 1). [52,53,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] Moreover, a number of high-efficiency donor polymers also have been explored without the BDT unit, such as PTQ10, PBTATBT-4f, etc. However, its furan analogue, benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b 0 ]difuran (BDF), which possesses a smaller size than the BDT unit and thus generates weaker steric hindrance to adjacent units and tighter packing arrangement, is less developed as an efficient building block for the polymer donors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Benzodifuran‐Based Polymer Donors for High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics

Zhang

et al. 2022

Small Science

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At present, a variety of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT)‐based polymer donors are designed and synthesized, which have made great progress toward achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Despite many advantages of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]difuran (BDF) compared with BDT unit, the overall performance of BDF polymer‐based PSCs lags far behind that of the counterpart BDT‐based polymers. Recently, great advances have been achieved in BDF polymer‐based PSCs with the highest PCEs over 16%, suggesting that BDF‐based polymers have the significant potential to catch up or even surpass the performance of BDT‐based polymers. In this review, the recent advances of BDF polymers in PSCs are first summarized and then the design strategies and the chemical structure–performance relationships of BDF polymers are discussed. Finally, perspectives on the future development of BDF polymers for high‐efficiency PSCs are provided.

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A donor polymer based on 3-cyanothiophene with superior batch-to-batch reproducibility for high-efficiency organic solar cells

Abstract: A donor polymer based on 3-cyanothiophene, a structurally simple unit, is synthesized for organic solar cells, which exhibited prominent power conversion efficiency and excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility in a wide molecular weight range.

Cited by 76 publications

References 61 publications

Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Surpassing 15%

Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Surpassing 15%

Quantum Efficiency and Voltage Losses in P3HT: Non-fullerene Solar Cells

Recent Progress of Benzodifuran‐Based Polymer Donors for High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics

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