“…The Rosseland diffusion approximation (RD) is an approximate solution to the RTE in the optically thick limit that allows the definition of an effective thermal conductivity (with a cubic temperature dependence) to be defined and simply added in the thermal conduction term of the energy equation. This approximation has found wide use in the literature among studies in the dense fluidised (Gordillo and Belghit, 2011a), and stationary (Bader et al, 2015;Bala Chandran et al, 2015a;Dombrovsky et al, 2009;Ebner and Lipiń ski, 2012;Gordillo and Belghit, 2011b;Keene et al, 2013Keene et al, , 2014Lapp et al, 2013;Lapp and Lipiń ski, 2014;Lipiń ski and Steinfeld, 2004;Martinek et al, 2014;Müller et al, 2008;Yue and Lipiń ski, 2015b regimes. A thermal conductivity correlation to account for radiation in optically thick media that behaves much like the RD was used in (Ströhle et al, 2014).…”