A Dozen Years of Temperature Observations at the Summit: Central Greenland Automatic Weather Stations 1987–99

Shuman, Christopher A.; Steffen, Konrad; Box, Jason E.; Stearns, Charles R.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0741:adyoto>2.0.co;2

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…C, and accumulation rate of 0.22 m ice /yr, making it a good southern analog to the summit of Greenland (À29.5 C, 0.24 m ice /yr [Shuman et al, 2001]), thus a good candidate for inter-hemispheric comparisons. WAIS Divide is also strongly connected to the climate of the South Pacific [Ding et al, 2011], and is sensitive to El-Niño Southern Oscillation [Mayewski et al, 2009;Fogt et al, 2011].…”

Section: Site Descriptionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Little Ice Age cold interval in West Antarctica: Evidence from borehole temperature at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide

Orsi

Cornuelle

Severinghaus

2012

Geophysical Research Letters

126

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The largest climate anomaly of the last 1000 years in the Northern Hemisphere was the Little Ice Age (LIA) from 1400–1850 C.E., but little is known about the signature of this event in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. We present temperature data from a 300 m borehole at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide. Results show that WAIS Divide was colder than the last 1000‐year average from 1300 to 1800 C.E. The temperature in the time period 1400–1800 C.E. was on average 0.52 ± 0.28°C colder than the last 100‐year average. This amplitude is about half of that seen at Greenland Summit (GRIP). This result is consistent with the idea that the LIA was a global event, probably caused by a change in solar and volcanic forcing, and was not simply a seesaw‐type redistribution of heat between the hemispheres as would be predicted by some ocean‐circulation hypotheses. The difference in the magnitude of the LIA between Greenland and West Antarctica suggests that the feedbacks amplifying the radiative forcing may not operate in the same way in both regions.

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Section: Site Descriptionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Little Ice Age cold interval in West Antarctica: Evidence from borehole temperature at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide

Orsi

Cornuelle

Severinghaus

2012

Geophysical Research Letters

126

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“…Satellite remote sensing data, in addition to being assimilated by reanalyses, have been used directly to study the GrIS. Several studies have focused on the relationship between SAT and ice sheet surface temperature (IST), and have used data from both microwave (e.g., Shuman et al, 1995Shuman et al, , 2001) and infrared sensors (e.g., Comiso et al, 2003;Hall et al, 2008Hall et al, , 2013Koenig and Hall, 2010). Sounding instruments offer a method to retrieve air temperature more directly, but have received little attention over GrIS.…”

Section: Gridded Sat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Greenland near surface air temperature datasets

Eyre

Zeng

2017

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. Near-surface air temperature (SAT) over Greenland has important effects on mass balance of the ice sheet, but it is unclear which SAT datasets are reliable in the region. Here extensive in situ SAT measurements ( ∼ 1400 station-years) are used to assess monthly mean SAT from seven global reanalysis datasets, five gridded SAT analyses, one satellite retrieval and three dynamically downscaled reanalyses. Strengths and weaknesses of these products are identified, and their biases are found to vary by season and glaciological regime. MERRA2 reanalysis overall performs best with mean absolute error less than 2 • C in all months. Ice sheet-average annual mean SAT from different datasets are highly correlated in recent decades, but their 1901-2000 trends differ even in sign. Compared with the MERRA2 climatology combined with gridded SAT analysis anomalies, thirty-one earth system model historical runs from the CMIP5 archive reach ∼ 5 • C for the 1901-2000 average bias and have opposite trends for a number of sub-periods.

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“…Thick and thin black lines are the inversion-adjusted reconstructed Summit annual air temperatures and 10-year moving average temperatures, respectively [Box et al, 2009]. Thin and thick red lines are the inversion adjusted annual and 10-year moving average AWS temperature records, respectively [Stearns and Weidner, 1991;Shuman et al, 2001;Steffen and Box, 2001;Vaarby-Laursen, 2010] (Figure 1, top). Present temperature and ±2s are illustrated by lines in the plots.…”

Section: Past 4000 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High variability of Greenland surface temperature over the past 4000 years estimated from trapped air in an ice core

Kobashi¹,

Kawamura

Severinghaus

et al. 2011

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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129

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[1] Greenland recently incurred record high temperatures and ice loss by melting, adding to concerns that anthropogenic warming is impacting the Greenland ice sheet and in turn accelerating global sea-level rise. Yet, it remains imprecisely known for Greenland how much warming is caused by increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases versus natural variability. To address this need, we reconstruct Greenland surface snow temperature variability over the past 4000 years at the GISP2 site (near the Summit of the Greenland ice sheet; hereafter referred to as Greenland temperature) with a new method that utilises argon and nitrogen isotopic ratios from occluded air bubbles. The estimated average Greenland snow temperature over the past 4000 years was −30.7°C with a standard deviation of 1.0°C and exhibited a long-term decrease of roughly 1.5°C, which is consistent with earlier studies. The current decadal average surface temperature (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) at the GISP2 site is −29.9°C. The record indicates that warmer temperatures were the norm in the earlier part of the past 4000 years, including century-long intervals nearly 1°C warmer than the present decade (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). Therefore, we conclude that the current decadal mean temperature in Greenland has not exceeded the envelope of natural variability over the past 4000 years, a period that seems to include part of the Holocene Thermal Maximum. Notwithstanding this conclusion, climate models project that if anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions continue, the Greenland temperature would exceed the natural variability of the past 4000 years sometime before the year 2100.

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A Dozen Years of Temperature Observations at the Summit: Central Greenland Automatic Weather Stations 1987–99

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Little Ice Age cold interval in West Antarctica: Evidence from borehole temperature at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide

Little Ice Age cold interval in West Antarctica: Evidence from borehole temperature at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide

Evaluation of Greenland near surface air temperature datasets

High variability of Greenland surface temperature over the past 4000 years estimated from trapped air in an ice core

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