A Dual‐Antioxidative Coating on Transmucosal Component of Implant to Repair Connective Tissue Barrier for Treatment of Peri‐Implantitis

Abstract

Since the microgap between implant and surrounding connective tissue creates the pass for pathogen invasion, sustained pathological stimuli can accelerate macrophage‐mediated inflammation, therefore affecting peri‐implant tissue regeneration and aggravate peri‐implantitis. As the transmucosal component of implant, the abutment therefore needs to be biofunctionalized to repair the gingival barrier. Here, a mussel‐bioinspired implant abutment coating containing tannic acid (TA), cerium and minocycline (TA‐Ce‐Mino) is reported. TA provides pyrogallol and catechol groups to promote cell adherence. Besides, Ce3+/Ce4+ conversion exhibits enzyme‐mimetic activity to remove reactive oxygen species while generating O2, therefore promoting anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization to help create a regenerative environment. Minocycline is involved on the TA surface to create local drug storage for responsive antibiosis. Moreover, the underlying therapeutic mechanism is revealed whereby the coating exhibits exogenous antioxidation from the inherent properties of Ce and TA and endogenous antioxidation through mitochondrial homeostasis maintenance and antioxidases promotion. In addition, it stimulates integrin to activate PI3K/Akt and RhoA/ROCK pathways to enhance VEGF‐mediated angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Combining the antibiosis and multidimensional orchestration, TA‐Ce‐Mino repairs soft tissue barriers and effector cell differentiation, thereby isolating the immune microenvironment from pathogen invasion. Consequently, this study provides critical insight into the design and biological mechanism of abutment surface modification to prevent peri‐implantitis.

The potential use of nanozymes as an antibacterial agents in oral infection, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis

“…By integrating multidimensional orchestration and antibiosis, TA-Ce-Mino effectively restores function to effector cell differentiation and soft tissue barriers, thus creating an immune microenvironment impervious to pathogen invasion. This study therefore offers crucial insight into the biological mechanism and design of abutment surface modification for peri-implantitis prevention [ 129 ].…”

“…TA provides pyrogallol and catechol groups to promote cell adherence. Besides, Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ conversion exhibits enzyme-mimetic activity to remove reactive oxygen species while generating O 2 [ 129 ] CDT A novel non-antibiotic strategy based on the synergy of bionanocatalysts-driven heat-amplified chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and innate immunomodulation is proposed for specific biofilm elimination by the smart design of a biofilm microenvironment (BME)-responsive double-layered metal–organic framework (MOF) bionanocatalysts (MACG) composed of MIL-100 and CuBTC [ 127 ] Au-TNT Ultrasound-activated antibacterial sonodynamic therapy (aSDT) has gained recognition in recent times as a promising approach to the treatment of biofilm infections. For aSDT, an activatable nanoplatform (Au-TNT) fabricated on the implant's surface is proposed in this investigation.…”

The Integration of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems into Conventional Adjuvant Therapies for Peri-Implantitis Treatment

“…Recognising this vulnerability, abutments need to be functionalized to reinforce the gingival barrier. In a study [ 93 ], a mussel-bioinspired coating for implant abutments was developed, incorporating tannic acid, cerium, and minocycline. This coating harnesses exogenous antioxidation from the inherent properties of cerium and tannic acid, along with endogenous antioxidation through the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and the promotion of antioxidases.…”