“…However, the development and application of LSBs still face many problems, such as the insulation properties of elemental sulfur and Li 2 S, the shuttle effect caused by the solubility of the intermediate polysulfides (LiPSs) in the electrolytes, and the volume expansion of the cathode electrode materials during cycling. [5][6][7] In particular, the ''shuttle effect'' greatly limits the actual specific capacity, cycle life, and magnification performance of LSBs. In response to the above issues, researchers have carried out a lot of research on composite modification of cathode electrodes, surface modification of lithium metal cathode electrodes and the development of new anode electrodes and new electrolytes.…”