A fast, adaptive, and energy-efficient multi-path-multi-channel data collection protocol for wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Energy consumption, traffic adaptability, fast data collection, etc are the major issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Most existing WSN protocols are able to handle one or two of the above issues with the other(s) being compromised. In order to reduce the energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes while having fast data collection under different traffic generating rates, this paper proposes a fast, adaptive, and energy-efficient multi-path-multi-channel (FAEM) data collection protocol. FAEM makes use of the Basketball Net Topology proposed in the literature, in which a multi-parent-multi-child connection table is pre-established at each node; each node is also pre-assigned a receiving channel which is different from those of the neighboring nodes so as to eliminate the transmission interference. During data transmission, time is divided into duty cycles, and each consists of two phases, namely distributed iterative scheduling phase and slot-based packet forwarding phase. The former is to match parents and children of the entire WSN in a distributed manner in order to determine whether a node should be in upload (to which parent), download (from which child), or sleep mode in a particular slot; while the latter is for nodes to take action according to the schedule. Simulation shows that our protocol is able to achieve lower energy consumption, data reliability and low latency even during a high traffic load

Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

“…Fast Adaptive, and Energy efficient Multi path-multi channel (FAEM) [164] utilizes the basketball NET topology that pre-assigns every node with a multi-parent-multi-child connection table along with a different receiving channel per node from their respective neighbor nodes removing transmission interference. FAEM protocol divides operational time in duty cycles with every cycle containing two phases, a scheduling and a forwarding one:…”

“…FAEM [164] It has low energy consumption with sleep mode, collision free data transmission and interference prevention.…”

A residual-energy-activated forwarding protocol using relay ordering and finite field network coding for multiple-source multiple-relay wireless sensor networks

“…In the proposed model, CC was not considered and all the links between the source and the sink nodes are conventional sing-inputsingle-output (SISO) case. Khandani et al, 20 Maham et al, 21 and Tan et al 22 investigated energy-efficient transmission for CC network, where the diversity gain of VMISO was employed to reduce the transmitting powers of relays. However, to simplify the problem, these works ignore the receiver circuit energy consumption.…”

“…Similarly, P ri,rj can be calculated with equation ( 6) by replacing the parameters of Si with the ones of ri. Moreover, we define the lifetime of the investigated WSN as the time when the first relay exhausts all its energy, which is widely used in Jung and Ingram, 4 Tan et al, 22 Jung and Weitnauer, 23 and Gou et al 24 Finally, we define per transmission as the whole CC transmission, which includes both MA and BC phases.…”

“…So, this comparison indicates that the proposed strategy is effective in balancing the energy consumption and prolongs the lifetime of the network. When (22) to select cooperative relay rj if E res rj À E Tx .0, add index j into A Tx rj transmits while the relays in A rec and sink keep listening RO-FFNC process 14 is applied, and the N total , A su , A rec , A un are updated accordingly index j is deleted from A Tx num(A Tx ) = num(A Tx ) + 1 end if end while Algorithm terminals Algorithm 1. Residual-energy-activated forwarding protocol.…”