A fast DLLME-LC-MS/MS method for risperidone and its metabolite 9-hydroxyrisperidone determination in plasma samples for therapeutic drug monitoring of patients

A liquid chromatography-miniature mass spectrometry (LC-Mini MS) method for quantitative analysis of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in plasma

“…Using this optimal interface setup-enhanced LC-Mini MS system, the analytical performance of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in plasma was studied. 38,39 The chromatograms of the blank plasma, internal standard, lower limit of quantifi-cation (LLOQ) and samples of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone are illustrated in Fig. 2.…”

Optimisation of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for plasma sample preparation in bioanalysis of CDK4/6 inhibitors in therapeutic combinations for breast cancer treatment

“…Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a technique which relies on the use of a combination of organic solvents: a non-polar extractant immiscible with water, and a polar disperser miscible with both other phases [ 7 ]. Most commonly used extractants are high density chlorinated solvents, while different alcohols, acetonitrile (ACN) or acetone are among the often used dispersers [ 8 ]. When stirred, the disperser facilitates the extraction procedure via formation of an emulsion that increases the contact area between the phases.…”

“…In the published methods on plasma samples, PPT by a concentrated aqueous solution of salt or acid, or a polar organic solvent was conducted prior to DLLME. When an aqueous salt or acid solution was used, DLLME was performed in the same way as with aqueous environmental samples: a mixture of organic extractant and disperser was added to the aqueous sample and stirred [ 8 ]. On the other hand, when a polar organic precipitation agent such as ACN was used, it subsequently also acted as a disperser for DLLME [ 15 , 17 , 18 ].…”

An effective dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for pharmaceutical extraction: Optimization via central composite design

“…In this step, a desired component will be extracted from purified and concentrated. There are a variety of preparation methods available, each with its own advantages in terms of speed and ease [11].…”